The Complete Machine Code Tutor (UK) (Face 3) (1985) [Original] [TAPE] [UTILITAIRE].cdt

[STRUCTURE]

The Complete Machine Code Tutor (UK) (Face 3) (1985) [Original] [TAPE] [UTILITAIRE].cdt


Creator : ZXTape!
Total of blocks : 6
Blocks format : [P]PAUSE[/P] (1), [P]TURBO LOADING DATA[/P] (5)[/STRUCTURE]
Catalogue
CheckData
BLOCKSTOTAL
PAUSE1
TURBO LOADING DATA5
TOTAL6

SUM OF ALL DATA3 527 915
Sum of data for Turbo Loading - Turbo Loading size 1 byte3 527 915- 03 527 915
Sum of data for Pure Data - Pure Data size 3 bytes (sum = 262)0- 00
 


Result 3 527 915- 03 527 915
BLOCKTYPE BLOCKSUMDATAUsed bits
in last byte
Last
byte
DATA
0000PAUSE 
0001TURBO LOADING DATA3 0788FF263
0002TURBO LOADING DATA115 7138FF1553
0003TURBO LOADING DATA1 583 6508FF17291
0004TURBO LOADING DATA1 5508FF263
0005TURBO LOADING DATA1 823 9248FF21935

CATALOGUE
BLOCKFILENAMEFILE BLOCKFIRST BLOCKLAST BLOCKFILE TYPESTARTLENGTHEXECUTIONLENGTH FILE
0001M/C TUTOR1YESYESBinaire&0FFA&056F&1000&056F

ZXTape! Major Version : 01 Minor Version : 0C
next* BLOCK 0000 : PAUSE
Total size : 3 bytes
Pause : 16397ms
previousnext* BLOCK 0001 : TURBO LOADING DATA
HEADER
Block Name : M/C TUTOR
Block Number : 1
Block first : YES
Block last : YES
File type : Binaire
File adress start : &0FFA
File adress length : &056F
File adress execution : &1000
File length file : &056F

Length of PILOT pulse : 2313
Length of SYNC First pulse : 1190
Length of SYNC Second pulse : 1111
Length of ZERO bit pulse : 1167
Length of ONE bit pulse : 2332
Length of PILOT tone : 4096
Used bits in last byte : 8 OK
Pause After this block : 15ms
Data : 263 bytes
Total size : 282 bytes

Sum DATA : 3 078
000000: 2C 4D 2F 43 20 54 55 54 4F 52 00 00 00 00 00 00 ,M/C TUTOR...... 000010: 00 01 FF 02 6F 05 FA 0F FF 6F 05 00 10 00 00 00 ....o....o...... 000020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000030: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000040: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000050: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000060: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000070: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000080: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000090: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000D0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000100: 00 E6 79 FF FF FF FF ..y....
previousnext* BLOCK 0002 : TURBO LOADING DATA
DATA
Length of PILOT pulse : 2310
Length of SYNC First pulse : 1190
Length of SYNC Second pulse : 1111
Length of ZERO bit pulse : 1165
Length of ONE bit pulse : 2328
Length of PILOT tone : 4096
Used bits in last byte : 8 OK
Pause After this block : 8679ms
Data : 1553 bytes
Total size : 1572 bytes

Sum DATA : 115 713
000000: 16 CD A1 BC D4 00 00 CD FF BB 3E 00 DD 21 A3 10 ..........>..!£. 000010: DD 46 00 48 F5 CD 32 BC F1 DD 23 3C FE 04 20 F0 .F.H..2...#<.. . 000020: 01 0E 0E CD 38 BC 21 00 C0 11 01 C0 01 FF 3F 36 ....8.!.......?6 000030: 00 ED B0 3E 05 CD 6F BB 3E 16 CD 72 BB 06 1F 21 ...>..o.>..r...! 000040: A7 10 7E C5 E5 CD 5D BB E1 C1 23 10 F5 DD 21 C6 ..~...]...#...!. 000050: 10 21 00 C0 11 00 08 CD 63 10 21 00 E0 CD 63 10 .!......c.!...c. 000060: 21 00 10 11 00 43 3E 6C 18 97 DD 7E 00 07 DD AE !....C>l...~.... 000070: 00 E6 22 DD 7E 00 DD 23 0E 01 20 05 DD 4E 00 DD ..".~..#.. ..N.. 000080: 23 B9 20 03 FE 00 C8 06 04 E5 F5 77 CB 67 20 06 #. ........w.g . 000090: CB 27 CB A7 18 04 CB 27 CB E7 CB 4F 28 01 3C 19 .'.....'...O(.<. 0000A0: 10 E9 F1 E1 23 0D 20 DF 18 C0 0E 18 09 01 A4 20 ....#. ........ 0000B0: 4E 65 77 20 47 65 6E 65 72 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 53 New Generation S 0000C0: 6F 66 74 77 61 72 65 20 20 31 39 38 35 00 C0 11 oftware 1985... 0000D0: F0 05 11 F0 01 00 01 11 F0 01 11 F0 04 00 42 FF ..............B. 0000E0: 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 04 FF 01 F0 03 00 43 FF ..............C. 0000F0: 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF ................ 000100: 01 0C 76 F0 04 00 D2 11 F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 00 ..v............. 000110: 01 11 F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 FF 01 F0 02 11 F0 02 ................ 000120: FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 03 FF ................ 000130: 01 F0 01 0F 02 0E EF 0F 01 1F F0 01 0F 01 0E FF ................ 000140: 01 F0 01 0F 02 0E 00 25 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 11 F0 .......%........ 000150: 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 ................ 000160: 01 EF 0E FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 0E 00 01 ................ 000170: FF 01 F0 01 00 03 FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 0E 00 03 FF ................ 000180: 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 0E 00 27 EF 0F .............'.. 000190: 01 0E 00 03 EF 0F 01 0E 00 01 EF 0E 00 02 EF 0E ................ 0001A0: EF 0E 00 03 EF 0F 03 0E EF 0F 03 0E 00 02 EF 0E ................ 0001B0: 00 02 EF 0F 03 0E 00 69 11 F0 01 00 02 11 F0 01 .......i........ 0001C0: 00 03 11 F0 01 00 04 11 F0 02 00 02 11 F0 01 00 ................ 0001D0: 01 11 F0 01 00 01 11 F0 01 00 01 11 F0 01 00 02 ................ 0001E0: 11 F0 01 11 F0 04 00 09 11 F0 02 00 02 11 F0 02 ................ 0001F0: 00 01 11 F0 03 00 01 11 F0 04 00 0C FF 01 F0 01 ................ 000200: 1F F0 01 FF 56 1F F0 01 00 01 11 F0 01 0E EF 1F ....V........... 000210: F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 EF 0E 00 01 FF 01 ................ 000220: F0 04 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 1F F0 ................ 000230: 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 03 00 09 FF 01 F0 01 00 ................ 000240: 01 EF 0E FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 ................ 000250: 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 03 00 0D FF 01 F0 ................ 000260: 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 0F 02 1F ................ 000270: F0 01 00 01 EF 1F F0 02 0E 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 ................ 000280: 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 ................ 000290: 01 00 01 EF 1F F0 01 FF 01 F0 04 00 08 EF 1F F0 ................ 0002A0: 02 0E EF 1F F0 02 0E FF 01 F0 03 0E FF 01 F0 04 ................ 0002B0: 00 C0 EF 0F 01 1F F0 01 0F 01 0E FF 01 F0 01 00 ................ 0002C0: 01 FF 01 F0 01 EF 0F 01 1F F0 01 0F 01 0E 11 F0 ................ 0002D0: 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 00 ................ 0002E0: 37 FF 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 7............... 0002F0: 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF ................ 000300: 01 F0 01 FF 01 DE A2 F0 01 1F F0 01 00 38 EF 0E .............8.. 000310: 00 03 EF 0F 01 0E 00 03 EF 0E 00 03 EF 0F 01 0E ................ 000320: 00 01 EF 0E 00 01 EF 0E 00 00 00 C0 EF 0F 01 1F ................ 000330: F0 01 0F 01 0E FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF ................ 000340: 01 F0 01 0F 02 0E 00 42 FF 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 .......B........ 000350: F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 0E 00 43 ...............C 000360: EF 0E 00 02 EF 0E 00 01 EF 0E EF 0F 03 0E 00 83 ................ 000370: 11 F0 02 00 03 11 F0 02 00 01 11 F0 01 00 02 11 ................ 000380: F0 01 11 F0 03 00 01 11 F0 01 00 03 11 F0 04 11 ................ 000390: F0 05 11 F0 04 00 25 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 EF 0E 00 ......%......... 0003A0: 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 1F ................ 0003B0: F0 01 1F F0 01 FF 01 F0 03 0E FF 01 F0 01 00 03 ................ 0003C0: FF 01 F0 03 00 03 FF 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 03 ................ 0003D0: 00 26 EF 1F F0 02 0E 00 01 EF 1F F0 02 0E FF 01 .&.............. 0003E0: F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 03 FF 01 ................ 0003F0: F0 04 FF 01 F0 04 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 ................ 000400: F0 04 00 B9 FF 01 F0 00 32 02 11 F0 02 00 02 11 ........2....... 000410: F0 01 1F F0 01 00 02 11 F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 00 ................ 000420: 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 ................ 000430: 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 02 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 ................ 000440: 01 0F 02 0E 00 08 11 F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 11 F0 ................ 000450: 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 FF ................ 000460: 01 F0 01 0F 02 0E 00 0C FF 01 F0 01 EF 0E FF 01 ................ 000470: F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 05 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 ................ 000480: 11 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 1F F0 01 00 01 ................ 000490: FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 EF 1F F0 02 FF 01 ................ 0004A0: F0 01 0F 01 0E 00 09 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 11 F0 01 ................ 0004B0: FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 ................ 0004C0: FF 01 F0 01 FF 01 F0 01 0F 01 0E 00 0D EF 0E 00 ................ 0004D0: 02 EF 0E 00 01 EF 0E 00 02 EF 0E 00 02 EF 0F 01 ................ 0004E0: 0E 00 02 EF 0E 00 01 EF 0E 00 01 EF 0E 00 01 EF ................ 0004F0: 0E 00 02 EF 0E EF 0F 03 0E 00 09 EF 0F 01 0E 00 ................ 000500: 02 EF 0F 01 0E 00 01 EF 0F 70 8F 02 0E 00 01 EF .........p...... 000510: 0F 03 0E 00 70 11 F0 05 11 F0 01 00 01 11 F0 01 ....p........... 000520: 11 F0 05 00 01 11 F0 02 00 01 11 F0 03 00 38 FF ..............8. 000530: 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 01 00 ................ 000540: 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 01 FF 01 F0 ................ 000550: 01 FF 01 F0 03 0E 00 37 FF 01 F0 01 00 02 EF 1F .......7........ 000560: F0 02 0E 00 02 FF 01 F0 01 00 02 EF 1F F0 02 0E ................ 000570: FF 01 F0 01 EF 1F F0 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000580: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000590: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0005A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0005B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0005C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0005D0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0005E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0005F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000600: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 50 B3 FF FF FF ...........P.... 000610: FF .
previousnext* BLOCK 0003 : TURBO LOADING DATA

Length of PILOT pulse : 2312
Length of SYNC First pulse : 1190
Length of SYNC Second pulse : 1111
Length of ZERO bit pulse : 1163
Length of ONE bit pulse : 2326
Length of PILOT tone : 4095
Used bits in last byte : 8
Pause After this block : 7675ms
Data : 17291 bytes
Total size : 17310 bytes

Sum DATA : 1 583 650
000000: 6C 0D 71 BC 21 BA 10 CD 88 10 CD D9 51 38 18 CD l.q.!.......Q8.. 000010: 9B 10 CD CB 51 CD B3 19 CD 1F 10 CD CB 51 18 E4 ....Q........Q.. 000020: ED 73 59 14 C3 48 12 21 00 11 CD 88 10 21 B7 11 .sY..H.!.....!.. 000030: 11 01 00 3E FC CD A1 BC 30 3C 3A B7 11 FE 00 21 ...>....0<:....! 000040: 22 11 28 15 FE 02 21 40 11 28 0E FE 04 21 5F 11 ".(...!@.(...!_. 000050: 28 07 FE 06 21 7E 11 20 24 CD 88 10 21 00 58 11 (...!~. $...!.X. 000060: 00 55 3E FB CD A1 BC 30 0D CD 9B 10 3E 0F 32 91 .U>....0....>.2. 000070: 1A CD E8 50 18 B1 21 E0 10 FE 00 28 03 21 9D 11 ...P..!....(.!.. 000080: CD 88 10 CD 93 10 C3 03 10 3E F0 32 91 1A 11 00 .........>.2.... 000090: 18 C3 B0 51 06 00 CD 19 BD 10 FB C9 CD FF BB 3E ...Q...........> 0000A0: 00 DD 21 92 1A DD 46 00 48 F5 CD 32 BC F1 DD 23 ..!...F.H..2...# 0000B0: 3C FE 04 20 F0 01 0E 0E C3 38 BC 20 20 44 6F 20 <.. .....8. Do 0000C0: 79 6F 75 20 77 69 73 68 20 74 6F 20 65 6E 74 65 you wish to ente 0000D0: 72 20 6C 65 73 73 6F 6E 73 3F 20 20 20 59 2F 4E r lessons? Y/N 0000E0: A3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 6F 61 64 69 6E 67 20 £ Loading 0000F0: 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6E 20 73 74 6F 70 70 65 64 has been stopped 000100: A3 B2 00 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 6C 65 61 73 65 £.. Please 000110: 20 73 74 61 72 74 20 74 61 70 65 20 72 65 63 6F start tape reco 000120: 72 64 65 72 A3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C rder£ L 000130: 6F 61 64 69 6E 67 20 6C 65 73 73 6F 6E 73 20 31 oading lessons 1 000140: 2D 39 A3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 6F 61 64 -9£ Load 000150: 69 6E 67 20 6C 65 73 73 6F 6E 73 20 31 30 2D 31 ing lessons 10-1 000160: 37 A3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 6F 61 64 69 7£ Loadi 000170: 6E 67 20 6C 65 73 73 6F 6E 73 20 31 38 2D 32 35 ng lessons 18-25 000180: A3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 6F 61 64 69 6E £ Loadin 000190: 67 20 6C 65 73 73 6F 6E 73 20 32 36 2D 33 35 A3 g lessons 26-35£ 0001A0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 6F 61 64 Load 0001B0: 69 6E 67 20 65 72 72 6F 72 A3 00 00 ED 73 59 14 ing error£...sY. 0001C0: CD 55 13 CD E6 12 CD 00 14 CD DF 33 CD CB 13 21 .U.........3...! 0001D0: 3C 16 11 00 12 CD F1 32 C3 6A 12 CD 06 BB CD 19 <......2.j...... 0001E0: BD FE 45 28 66 FE 54 CA 0A 13 FE 52 28 11 3E 42 ..E(f.T....R(.>B 0001F0: CD 1E BB 28 E6 ED 7B 59 14 3E 0F 32 91 1A C9 CD ...(..{Y.>.2.... 000200: E6 12 CD 95 07 76 12 DD 2A EC 3B 11 00 12 ED 53 .....v..*.;....S 000210: D0 31 DD 7E 03 FE 72 38 08 21 EC 15 CD F1 32 18 .1.~..r8.!....2. 000220: BC CD 46 20 DD 7E 03 FE 72 30 B2 CD 06 BB FE 53 ..F .~..r0.....S 000230: 28 0F FE 45 28 17 FE 23 28 BD CD 35 3E 30 C5 18 (..E(..#(..5>0.. 000240: 9C 21 8C 16 11 00 12 CD F1 32 C3 D8 11 CD 8F 13 .!.......2...... 000250: CD E6 12 CD B6 18 CD 00 14 CD E6 12 ED 73 0E 3B .............s.; 000260: CD DF 33 CD CB 13 21 4B 15 11 00 12 CD F1 32 CD ..3...!K......2. 000270: F3 3C CD AE 3D CD E6 12 C3 D8 11 2A 12 14 CD 1A .<..=......*.... 000280: BC 0E 08 06 50 7E E6 0F 77 23 10 F9 11 B0 07 19 ....P~..w#...... 000290: 0D 20 F0 DD 21 20 3B ED 5B CD 31 21 02 00 06 10 . ..! ;.[.1!.... 0002A0: C5 DD CB 00 7E 28 29 DD 7E 08 BB 20 23 DD 7E 09 ....~().~.. #.~. 0002B0: BA 20 1D C1 DD 22 EC 3B 22 12 14 CD 1A BC 0E 08 . ...".;"....... 0002C0: 06 50 7E ED 6F 23 10 FA 11 B0 07 19 0D 20 F1 C9 .P~.o#....... .. 0002D0: 01 0C 00 DD 09 2C C1 10 C7 3E 0F 32 91 1A 11 00 .....,...>.2.... 0002E0: 12 21 9C 15 CD F1 32 E1 C3 D8 11 DD 21 20 3B DD .!....2.....! ;. 0002F0: 22 EC 3B DD 6E 08 DD 66 09 22 CD 31 21 01 02 22 ".;.n..f.".1!.." 000300: D0 31 21 45 17 95 3F 22 EE 3B 21 FE 0F 22 9B 42 .1!E..?".;!..".B 000310: C9 3A CF 31 EE 01 32 CF 31 CD 21 13 CD E6 12 CD .:.1..2.1.!..... 000320: 00 14 CD DF 33 C3 6A 12 CD B3 19 DD 21 20 3B 11 ....3.j.....! ;. 000330: 45 17 06 10 21 CF 31 CB D6 C5 D5 DD 22 EC 3B CD E...!.1.....".;. 000340: D2 31 11 0C 00 DD 19 D1 21 17 00 19 EB C1 10 E9 .1......!....... 000350: 21 CF 31 CB 96 CD CB 13 CD D9 19 C9 CD B3 19 2A !.1............* 000360: 41 17 11 45 17 06 10 3E 20 C5 BE 01 06 00 28 05 A..E...> .....(. 000370: ED B0 13 18 05 EB 0C 09 EB 23 01 10 00 CB 7E 20 .........#....~ 000380: 0C ED A0 EA 76 13 C1 10 E0 CD D9 19 C9 23 ED A0 ....v........#.. 000390: E2 7F 13 2B 18 F8 3E F0 32 91 1A 11 00 00 21 83 ...+..>.2.....!. 0003A0: 14 CD F1 32 3E 0F 32 91 1A 3E 20 CD 45 1A 3E 14 ...2>.2..> .E.>. 0003B0: BA 20 F6 DD 21 3B 14 06 0A C5 DD 7E 00 32 91 1A . ..!;.....~.2.. 0003C0: DD 6E 01 DD 66 02 CD F1 32 01 03 00 DD 09 C1 10 .n..f...2....... 0003D0: E8 C9 3E F0 32 91 1A 11 00 00 21 5B 14 CD F1 32 ..>.2.....![...2 0003E0: 3E 0F 32 91 1A 11 00 14 DD 21 14 14 06 0D C5 DD >.2......!...... 0003F0: 7E 00 32 91 1A DD 6E 01 DD 66 02 CD F1 32 01 03 ~.2...n..f...2.. 000400: 00 DD 09 C1 10 E8 C9 95 F4 11 00 02 21 2F 17 CD ............!/.. 000410: F1 32 14 1E 00 3E 12 BA 20 F2 C9 02 00 F0 DD 16 .2...>.. ....... 000420: 0F 05 17 F0 23 17 0F 3C 17 0F 0A 17 0F 23 17 0F ....#..<.....#.. 000430: 3C 17 0F 0F 17 F0 23 17 0F 3C 17 0F 14 17 0F 23 <.....#..<.....# 000440: 17 0F 3C 17 0F AB 14 0F 19 17 F0 FB 14 0F FE 14 ..<............. 000450: F0 0B 15 0F 10 15 F0 23 15 0F 26 15 F0 33 15 0F .......#..&..3.. 000460: 38 15 00 00 41 44 44 52 45 53 53 20 4D 41 43 48 8...ADDRESS MACH 000470: 49 4E 45 20 43 4F 44 45 20 20 20 20 53 4F 55 52 INE CODE SOUR 000480: 43 45 20 43 4F 44 45 20 20 20 20 A0 20 41 53 53 CE CODE . ASS 000490: 45 4D 42 4C 45 44 20 43 4F 44 45 20 20 20 4C 41 EMBLED CODE LA 0004A0: 42 45 4C 53 20 20 49 4E 53 54 52 55 43 54 49 4F BELS INSTRUCTIO 0004B0: 4E 53 20 A0 43 75 72 73 6F 72 20 6B 65 79 73 2C NS .Cursor keys, 0004C0: 20 64 65 6C 65 74 65 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 61 75 74 delete, and aut 0004D0: 6F 2D 72 65 70 65 61 74 20 61 72 65 61 73 20 73 o-repeat areas s 0004E0: 74 61 6E 64 61 72 64 2E 20 45 53 43 20 72 65 74 tandard. ESC ret 0004F0: 75 72 6E 73 20 79 6F 75 20 74 6F 20 6D 65 6E 75 urns you to menu 000500: 2E 20 20 A0 5B 43 DD 20 63 3D AC 6C 65 61 72 73 . .[C. c=.lears 000510: 20 61 6C 6C 20 A0 45 4E 54 45 D2 20 74 61 62 73 all .ENTE. tabs 000520: 20 74 6F 20 6E 65 78 74 20 6C 69 6E 65 A0 5B 41 to next line.[A 000530: DD 20 61 73 73 65 6D 62 6C 65 73 20 20 A0 53 50 . assembles .SP 000540: 41 43 C5 20 74 61 62 73 20 69 6E 20 6C 61 62 65 AC. tabs in labe 000550: 6C 20 61 72 65 E1 20 50 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 20 68 l are. Program h 000560: 61 73 20 73 75 63 63 65 73 73 66 75 6C 6C 79 20 as successfully 000570: 61 73 73 65 6D 62 6C 65 64 2E 20 20 20 20 50 72 assembled. Pr 000580: 65 73 73 20 52 75 6E 2C 20 45 64 69 74 2C 20 6F ess Run, Edit, o 000590: 72 20 45 53 43 20 74 6F 20 65 78 69 74 2E 20 20 r ESC to exit. 0005A0: 20 20 20 20 20 A0 A0 20 50 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 20 .. Program 0005B0: 63 6F 75 6E 74 65 72 20 68 61 73 20 6A 75 6D 70 counter has jump 0005C0: 65 64 20 74 6F 20 6E 6F 6E 2D 76 61 6C 69 64 61 ed to non-valida 0005D0: 64 64 72 65 73 73 2E 20 45 44 49 54 20 6F 72 20 ddress. EDIT or 0005E0: 72 65 52 55 4E 20 70 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 2E 20 20 reRUN program. 0005F0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 A0 20 59 6F 75 20 61 72 65 20 . You are 000600: 74 72 79 69 6E 67 20 74 6F 20 72 C7 30 75 6E 20 trying to r.0un 000610: 63 6F 64 65 20 69 6E 20 61 6C 6C 6F 63 61 74 65 code in allocate 000620: 64 73 74 6F 72 61 67 65 20 61 72 65 61 2E 20 52 dstorage area. R 000630: 45 54 20 6D 69 73 73 69 6E 67 3F 20 50 6C 65 61 ET missing? Plea 000640: 73 65 20 45 44 49 54 20 A0 20 50 72 65 73 73 20 se EDIT . Press 000650: 5B 52 5D 20 74 6F 20 72 75 6E 20 65 78 61 6D 70 [R] to run examp 000660: 6C 65 2C 20 5B 45 5D 20 74 6F 20 20 65 64 69 74 le, [E] to edit 000670: 2C 61 6E 64 20 45 53 43 20 74 6F 20 72 65 74 75 ,and ESC to retu 000680: 72 6E 20 74 6F 20 6D 65 6E 75 2E 20 20 20 20 20 rn to menu. 000690: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 A0 20 50 72 6F 67 72 61 . Progra 0006A0: 6D 20 73 74 6F 70 70 65 64 2E 20 59 6F 75 20 6D m stopped. You m 0006B0: 61 79 20 72 65 2D 52 55 4E 2C 20 45 44 49 54 20 ay re-RUN, EDIT 0006C0: 20 6F 72 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 45 53 43 20 74 6F or press ESC to 0006D0: 20 72 65 74 75 72 6E 20 74 6F 20 6D 65 6E 75 2E return to menu. 0006E0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 A0 46 4C 41 47 53 20 .FLAGS 0006F0: 20 20 20 52 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 73 20 61 6E 64 Registers and 000700: 20 43 6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 73 20 20 20 20 D6 C6 53 Contents ..S 000710: 54 41 43 CB 20 43 3A 20 A0 20 5A 3A 20 A0 50 56 TAC. C: . Z: .PV 000720: 3A 20 A0 20 53 3A 20 A0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 : . S: . 000730: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 000740: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 A0 . 000750: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000760: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000770: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000780: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000790: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0007A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0007B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0007C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0007D0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0007E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0007F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000800: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7A ...............z 000810: 6E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 n............... 000820: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000830: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000840: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000850: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000860: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000870: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000880: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000890: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0008A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0008B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0008C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DD 21 3F 1A CD D9 19 CD 15 ........!?...... 0008D0: 1A CD 06 BB 32 43 1A 3E 42 CD 1E BB 28 05 ED 7B ....2C.>B...(..{ 0008E0: 59 14 C9 CD 19 BD CD 2A 1A 3A 43 1A FE 0D 20 13 Y......*.:C... . 0008F0: DD 36 00 00 DD 34 01 DD 7E 01 FE 10 20 CD DD 35 .6...4..~... ..5 000900: 01 18 C8 FE F2 01 FF 00 28 4E FE F3 01 01 00 28 ........(N.....( 000910: 47 4B 19 FE F1 01 00 01 28 40 FE F0 01 00 FF 28 GK......(@.....( 000920: 39 FE 43 CA A2 19 FE 7F 28 6B FE 41 C8 FE 20 38 9.C.....(k.A.. 8 000930: 9F FE 3A 38 0A FE 61 38 97 FE 7B 30 93 D6 20 CD ..:8..a8..{0.. . 000940: C1 19 3A 43 1A FE 20 20 0E DD 7E 00 FE 06 30 07 ..:C.. ..~...0. 000950: DD 34 00 3E 20 18 E8 01 01 00 DD 36 03 0F DD 7E .4.> ......6...~ 000960: 00 81 FE 16 38 0C CB 79 20 05 3E 00 04 18 03 05 ....8..y .>..... 000970: 3E 15 DD 77 00 DD 7E 01 80 FE 10 30 06 DD 77 01 >..w..~....0..w. 000980: C3 BA 18 CB 78 28 07 DD 36 01 00 C3 BA 18 DD 36 ....x(..6......6 000990: 01 0F C3 BA 18 DD 35 00 F2 9A 19 DD 36 00 15 DD ......5.....6... 0009A0: 35 01 F2 9A 19 DD 36 00 00 DD 36 01 00 3E 20 CD 5.....6...6..> . 0009B0: C1 19 C3 BA 18 CD B3 19 DD 36 00 00 DD 36 01 00 .........6...6.. 0009C0: DD 36 02 00 18 94 21 45 17 11 46 17 36 20 01 6F .6....!E..F.6 .o 0009D0: 01 ED B0 C9 4F 21 45 17 11 17 00 DD 7E 01 FE 00 ....O!E.....~... 0009E0: 28 04 47 19 10 FD DD 5E 00 19 71 C9 21 43 17 11 (.G....^..q.!C.. 0009F0: 17 00 06 10 19 CB FE 10 FB 21 45 17 06 10 11 12 .........!E..... 000A00: 02 C5 CD F1 32 23 23 1E 12 C1 10 F5 21 43 17 11 ....2##.....!C.. 000A10: 17 00 06 97 F9 10 19 CB BE 10 FB C9 DD 6E 01 2C .............n., 000A20: 2C 3E 12 DD 86 00 67 C3 1A BC CD 07 1A 11 FF 07 ,>....g......... 000A30: 06 08 3E 00 ED 6F 23 3E 00 ED 6F 19 10 F4 C9 CD ..>..o#>..o..... 000A40: 07 1A 11 FF 07 06 08 3E 00 ED 67 23 3E 00 ED 67 .......>..g#>..g 000A50: 19 10 F4 C9 00 00 00 00 00 00 E5 21 CF 31 CB 56 ...........!.1.V 000A60: 28 04 12 13 E1 C9 D5 6F 26 00 29 29 29 25 29 01 (......o&.)))%). 000A70: 96 1A 09 CD 72 1A D1 1C 3E 28 BB 20 08 1E 00 3E ....r...>(. ...> 000A80: 18 BA 28 01 14 E1 C9 EB 7C 65 6F CD 1A BC 3A 91 ..(.....|eo...:. 000A90: 1A 4F 06 08 C5 1A A1 77 23 13 1A A1 77 13 01 FF .O.....w#...w... 000AA0: 07 09 C1 10 EF C9 0F 00 18 0E 06 FF FF FF FF FF ................ 000AB0: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF EE 77 EE 77 EE ............w.w. 000AC0: 77 EE 77 EE 77 FF FF EE 77 FF FF 39 39 39 39 39 w.w.w...w..99999 000AD0: 39 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 9............... 000AE0: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000AF0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000B00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CC 77 99 33 CC ............w.3. 000B10: 77 88 99 22 33 71 CA 33 33 88 99 FF FF EE 77 EE w.."3q.33.....w. 000B20: 77 CC FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 33 EE w.............3. 000B30: 77 CC FF CC FF CC FF EE 77 FF 33 FF FF CC FF EE w.......w.3..... 000B40: 77 FF 33 FF 33 FF 33 EE 77 CC FF FF FF FF FF 99 w.3.3.3.w....... 000B50: 99 CC 33 00 00 CC 33 99 99 FF FF FF FF FF FF EE ..3...3......... 000B60: 77 EE 77 88 11 EE 77 EE 77 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF w.w...w.w....... 000B70: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF EE 77 EE 77 CC FF FF FF FF ........w.w..... 000B80: FF FF FF 88 11 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF ................ 000B90: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF EE 77 EE 77 FF FF FF 99 FF ........w.w..... 000BA0: 33 EE 77 CC FF 99 FF 33 FF 77 FF FF FF 88 33 33 3.w....3.w....33 000BB0: 99 33 11 22 99 11 99 33 99 88 33 FF FF EE 77 CC .3."...3..3...w. 000BC0: 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 88 11 FF FF CC 33 99 w.w.w.w.w.....3. 000BD0: 99 FF 99 CC 33 99 FF 99 99 88 11 FF FF CC 33 BB ....3.........3. 000BE0: 99 FF 99 EE 33 FF 99 99 99 CC 33 FF FF EE 77 CC ....3.....3...w. 000BF0: 77 AA 77 66 77 00 11 EE 77 CC 33 FF FF 88 11 99 w.wfw...w.3..... 000C00: DD 99 FF CC 33 FF 99 99 99 CC 33 FF FF CC 33 99 ....3.....3...3. 000C10: 99 99 FF 88 33 99 99 78 28 99 99 CC 33 FF FF 88 ....3..x(...3... 000C20: 11 BB 99 FF 99 FF 33 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 FF FF CC ......3.w.w.w... 000C30: 33 99 99 99 99 CC 33 99 99 99 99 CC 33 FF FF CC 3.....3.....3... 000C40: 33 99 99 99 99 CC 11 FF 99 99 99 CC 33 FF FF FF 3...........3... 000C50: FF FF FF EE 77 EE 77 FF FF EE 77 EE 77 FF FF FF ....w.w...w.w... 000C60: FF FF FF EE 77 EE 77 FF FF EE 77 EE 77 CC FF FF ....w.w...w.w... 000C70: 33 EE 77 CC FF 99 FF CC FF EE 77 FF 33 FF FF FF 3.w.......w.3... 000C80: FF FF FF 88 11 FF FF FF FF 88 11 FF FF FF FF 99 ................ 000C90: FF CC FF EE 77 FF 33 EE 77 CC FF 99 FF FF FF CC ....w.3.w....... 000CA0: 33 99 99 FF 99 FF 33 EE 77 FF FF EE 77 FF FF 88 3.....3.w...w... 000CB0: 33 33 99 22 11 22 11 22 11 33 FF 88 33 FF FF EE 33.".".".3..3... 000CC0: 77 CC 33 99 99 99 99 88 11 99 99 99 99 FF FF 00 w.3............. 000CD0: 33 99 99 99 99 88 33 99 99 99 99 00 33 FF FF CC 3.....3.....3... 000CE0: 33 99 99 33 FF 33 FF 33 FF 99 99 CC 33 FF FF 00 3..3.3.3....3... 000CF0: 77 99 33 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 33 00 77 FF FF 00 w.3.......3.w... 000D00: 11 99 DD 99 77 88 77 99 77 99 DD 00 11 FF FF 00 ....w.w.w....... 000D10: 11 99 DD 99 77 88 77 99 77 B6 D0 99 FF 00 FF FF ....w.w.w....... 000D20: FF CC 33 99 99 33 FF 33 FF 33 11 33 99 88 11 FF ..3..3.3.3.3.... 000D30: FF 99 99 99 99 99 99 88 11 99 99 99 99 99 99 FF ................ 000D40: FF 88 11 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 88 11 FF ....w.w.w.w.w... 000D50: FF EE 11 FF 33 FF 33 FF 33 33 33 33 33 88 77 FF ....3.3.33333.w. 000D60: FF 11 99 99 99 99 33 88 77 99 33 99 99 11 99 FF ......3.w.3..... 000D70: FF 00 FF 99 FF 99 FF 99 FF 99 DD 99 99 00 11 FF ................ 000D80: FF 33 99 11 11 00 11 00 11 22 99 33 99 33 99 FF .3.......".3.3.. 000D90: FF 33 99 11 99 00 99 22 11 33 11 33 99 33 99 FF .3.....".3.3.3.. 000DA0: FF CC 77 99 33 33 99 33 99 33 99 99 33 CC 77 FF ..w.33.3.3..3.w. 000DB0: FF 00 33 99 99 99 99 88 77 99 FF 99 FF 00 FF FF ..3.....w....... 000DC0: FF CC 77 99 33 33 99 33 99 22 55 33 33 88 99 FF ..w.33.3."U33... 000DD0: FF 00 33 99 99 99 99 88 33 99 33 99 99 11 99 FF ..3.....3.3..... 000DE0: FF CC 33 99 99 99 FF CC 33 FF 99 99 99 CC 33 FF ..3.....3.....3. 000DF0: FF 88 11 AA 55 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 CC 33 FF ....U.w.w.w.w.3. 000E00: FF 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 CC 33 FF ..............3. 000E10: FF 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 C7 20 CC 33 EE ............ .3. 000E20: 77 FF FF 33 99 33 99 33 99 22 99 00 11 11 11 33 w..3.3.3.".....3 000E30: 99 FF FF 33 99 99 33 CC 77 CC 77 99 33 33 99 33 ...3..3.w.w.33.3 000E40: 99 FF FF 99 99 99 99 99 99 CC 33 EE 77 EE 77 CC ..........3.w.w. 000E50: 33 FF FF 00 11 33 99 77 33 EE 77 CC DD 99 99 00 3....3.w3.w..... 000E60: 11 FF FF CC 33 CC FF CC FF CC FF CC FF CC FF CC ....3........... 000E70: 33 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3............... 000E80: 00 00 00 CC 33 FF 33 FF 33 FF 33 FF 33 FF 33 CC ....3.3.3.3.3.3. 000E90: 33 FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3............... 000EA0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000EB0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000EC0: 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF 88 77 FF 33 88 33 33 33 88 ........w.3.333. 000ED0: 99 FF FF 11 FF 11 FF 88 33 99 99 99 99 99 99 44 ........3......D 000EE0: 33 FF FF FF FF FF FF CC 33 99 99 99 FF 99 99 CC 3.......3....... 000EF0: 33 FF FF EE 33 FF 33 88 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 88 3...3.3.3333333. 000F00: 99 FF FF FF FF FF FF CC 33 99 99 88 11 99 FF CC ........3....... 000F10: 33 FF FF EE 33 CC 99 CC FF 88 77 CC FF D4 C0 CC 3...3.....w..... 000F20: FF 88 77 FF FF FF FF FF FF CC 11 99 99 99 99 CC ..w............. 000F30: 11 FF 99 88 33 11 FF 99 FF 99 33 88 99 99 99 99 ....3.....3..... 000F40: 99 11 99 FF FF EE 77 FF FF CC 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE ......w...w.w.w. 000F50: 77 CC 33 FF FF FF DD FF FF FF 11 FF 99 FF 99 99 w.3............. 000F60: 99 99 99 CC 33 11 FF 99 FF 99 99 99 33 88 77 99 ....3.......3.w. 000F70: 33 11 99 FF FF CC 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE 77 EE 3.....w.w.w.w.w. 000F80: 77 CC 33 FF FF FF FF FF FF 55 33 00 11 22 99 22 w.3......U3.."." 000F90: 99 33 99 FF FF FF FF FF FF 22 77 99 99 99 99 99 .3......."w..... 000FA0: 99 99 99 FF FF FF FF FF FF CC 33 99 99 99 99 99 ..........3..... 000FB0: 99 CC 33 FF FF FF FF FF FF 22 33 99 99 99 99 88 ..3......"3..... 000FC0: 33 99 FF 00 FF FF FF FF FF 88 99 33 33 33 33 88 3..........3333. 000FD0: 33 FF 33 EE 11 FF FF FF FF 22 77 99 33 99 FF 99 3.3......"w.3... 000FE0: FF 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF CC 33 99 FF CC 33 FF ..........3...3. 000FF0: 99 88 33 FF FF CC FF CC FF 88 33 CC FF CC FF CC ..3.......3..... 001000: 99 EE 33 FF FF FF FF FF FF 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ..3............. 001010: 99 CC 11 FF FF FF FF FF FF 99 99 99 99 99 99 95 ................ 001020: 00 CC 33 EE 77 FF FF FF FF FF FF 33 99 22 99 22 ..3.w......3."." 001030: 99 00 11 99 33 FF FF FF FF FF FF 33 99 99 33 CC ....3......3..3. 001040: 77 99 33 33 99 FF FF FF FF FF FF 99 99 99 99 99 w.33............ 001050: 99 CC 11 FF 99 88 33 FF FF 88 11 BB 33 EE 77 CC ......3.....3.w. 001060: FF 88 11 FF FF FF FF 3E 0F 32 91 1A 21 CF 31 CB .......>.2..!.1. 001070: EE DD 7E 03 FE 28 30 3D DD CB 00 56 20 7E FE 0E ..~..(0=...V ~.. 001080: 20 17 CD D1 20 DD 7E 04 FE 02 28 06 21 7B 22 CD ... .~...(.!{". 001090: 0A 22 CD 08 21 CD E9 21 C9 FE 16 38 0B FE 1E 30 ."..!..!...8...0 0010A0: 07 DD 7E 05 FE 7F 28 0D CD 08 21 CD D1 20 CD 86 ..~...(...!.. .. 0010B0: 21 CD E9 21 C9 FE 3C 28 EF FE 54 28 28 FE 60 28 !..!..<(..T((.`( 0010C0: 11 FE 6A 28 0D CD D1 20 CD 08 21 CD 86 21 CD E9 ..j(... ..!..!.. 0010D0: 21 C9 CD D1 20 CD 86 21 21 A6 22 CD 0A 22 CD 08 !... ..!!."..".. 0010E0: 21 CD E9 21 C9 CD D1 20 CD 08 21 1D 1D 1D CD E9 !..!... ..!..... 0010F0: 21 C9 DD 7E 03 21 A9 22 CD 02 22 C9 DD 7E 03 FE !..~.!.".."..~.. 001100: 0E 30 10 CD 08 21 21 1B 23 DD 7E 03 CD 02 22 CD .0...!!.#.~...". 001110: E9 21 C9 21 1B 23 CD 02 22 CD 08 21 DD 7E 05 21 .!.!.#.."..!.~.! 001120: 2F 7F F8 23 CD 02 22 CD E9 21 C9 DD 7E 04 FE 7F /..#.."..!..~... 001130: C8 FE 1A 28 5E FE 76 28 3B FE 72 28 3D FE 74 28 ...(^.v(;.r(=.t( 001140: 39 FE 0C 28 0C FE 02 CA D0 21 21 2F 23 CD 02 22 9..(.....!!/#.." 001150: C9 DD 7E 03 FE 16 28 0F FE 1A 28 0B FE 1C 28 07 ..~...(...(...(. 001160: FE 22 DD 7E 04 20 E3 21 F1 23 CD 0A 22 C9 C9 CD .".~. .!.#.."... 001170: 0A 22 18 06 21 8B 22 CD 0A 22 7B FE 22 38 0A 3E ."..!.".."{."8.> 001180: 20 CD 45 1A 7B FE 00 20 F6 DD 6E 01 DD 66 02 CD .E.{.. ..n..f.. 001190: 0A 22 C9 21 8B 22 CD 0A 22 DD E5 E1 01 06 00 09 .".!.".."....... 0011A0: CD 67 22 3E 20 CD 45 1A C9 DD 7E 05 FE 7F C8 FE .g"> .E...~..... 0011B0: 18 28 38 FE 02 28 3C FE 74 28 BF FE 72 28 BB FE .(8..(<.t(..r(.. 0011C0: 48 28 19 FE 4A 28 15 FE 32 28 11 21 7F 22 CD 0A H(..J(..2(.!.".. 0011D0: 22 DD 7E 05 FE 1A 28 BB FE 76 28 98 21 2F 23 CD ".~...(..v(.!/#. 0011E0: 02 22 C9 21 9B 22 CD 0A 22 18 8F 21 9B 22 CD 0A .".!.".."..!.".. 0011F0: 22 18 A6 21 9B 22 CD 0A 22 DD 7E 00 E6 03 01 06 "..!."..".~..... 001200: 00 28 01 0C DD E5 E1 09 CD 5B 22 C9 3E 2E CD 45 .(.......[".>..E 001210: 1A CD F7 21 7A FE 14 38 F8 C9 3E 20 CD 45 1A 7B ...!z..8..> .E.{ 001220: FE 00 20 2C 02 F6 C9 4F 06 00 09 4E 23 66 69 3A .. ,...O...N#fi: 001230: CF 31 CB 6F 28 13 E6 DF 32 CF 31 7E E6 DF 18 0A .1.o(...2.1~.... 001240: CD 45 1A 23 7B FE 00 28 0B 7E CB 7F 28 F2 E6 7F .E.#{..(.~..(... 001250: CD 45 1A C9 7E CB 7F 20 07 FE 20 20 08 23 18 E9 .E..~.. .. .#.. 001260: E6 7F FE 20 C8 3E 20 1E 28 15 2B 1D 7E E6 7F FE ... .> .(.+.~... 001270: 20 20 F7 23 3E 20 CD 45 1A 7B FE 00 20 F6 18 C9 .#> .E.{.. ... 001280: 7B FE 26 38 03 CD F7 21 CD 1D 33 C9 7B FE 24 38 {.&8...!..3.{.$8 001290: 03 CD F7 21 CD 31 33 C9 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 A0 ...!.13.address. 0012A0: 74 68 65 20 63 6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 73 20 6F 66 A0 the contents of. 0012B0: 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 6C 6F 63 61 74 69 6F 6E A0 memory location. 0012C0: 74 68 65 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 A0 74 6F A0 46 29 the number.to.F) 0012D0: 86 29 D0 29 10 2A 72 26 81 26 91 26 AB 26 D2 26 .).).*r&.&.&.&.& 0012E0: EE 26 02 27 57 2A 70 2A B4 2A DE 2A EE 2A 2D 2B .&.'W*p*.*.*.*-+ 0012F0: 5F 2B 16 27 43 27 87 2B C6 2B F6 2B 35 2C 5F 2C _+.'C'.+.+.+5,_, 001300: 8C 2C 70 27 A9 2C 93 27 B7 27 F7 27 09 28 32 28 .,p'.,.'.'.'.(2( 001310: 63 28 DA 2C 0C 2D 2E 2D 62 2D 88 28 A3 28 85 2D c(.,.-.-b-.(£(.- 001320: C9 2D 0E 2E 27 F7 12 2E 3A 2E 80 2E B8 2E FE 2E .-..'...:....... 001330: 36 2F 46 2F 7D 2F C3 2F FA 2F 3F 30 46 30 76 30 6/F/}/././?0F0v0 001340: ED 28 A5 30 CF 30 EA 30 16 31 32 31 64 31 98 31 .(.0.0.0.121d1.1 001350: 2B 29 34 29 3C 29 9E 23 AA 23 B5 23 C1 23 CF 23 +)4)<).#.#.#.#.# 001360: DB 23 E6 23 07 24 12 24 1D 24 28 24 33 24 AA 23 .#.#.$.$.$($3$.# 001370: CC 31 3F 24 54 24 60 24 79 24 93 24 9F 24 AB 24 .1?$T$`$y$.$.$.$ 001380: C0 24 D5 24 E3 24 F1 24 FE 24 17 25 25 25 45 25 .$.$.$.$.$.%%%E% 001390: 53 25 61 25 67 25 84 25 9C 25 B0 25 CA 25 DB 25 S%a%g%.%.%.%.%.% 0013A0: F5 25 0C 26 1A 26 1F 26 24 26 29 26 2E 26 33 26 .%.&.&.&$&)&.&3& 0013B0: 38 26 3D 26 42 26 48 26 4E 26 54 26 5A 26 60 26 8&=&B&H&N&T&Z&`& 0013C0: 66 26 6C 26 A0 61 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 f&l&.accumulator 0013D0: A0 74 68 65 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 A0 48 4C 20 72 .the number.HL r 0013E0: 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 A0 6C 6F 63 61 74 69 6F 6E egister.location 0013F0: 20 28 48 4C 29 A0 44 45 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 (HL).DE registe 001400: 72 A0 42 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 A0 43 20 72 r.B register.C r 001410: 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 A0 69 66 20 43 61 72 72 79 egister.if Carry 001420: 20 66 6C 61 67 20 69 47 85 73 20 73 65 74 2C A0 flag iG.s set,. 001430: 44 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 A0 45 20 72 65 67 D register.E reg 001440: 69 73 74 65 72 A0 48 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 ister.H register 001450: A0 4C 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 A0 42 43 20 72 .L register.BC r 001460: 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 A0 69 66 20 5A 65 72 6F 20 egister.if Zero 001470: 66 6C 61 67 20 69 73 20 73 65 74 2C A0 4E 4F 54 flag is set,.NOT 001480: 20 44 45 46 49 4E 45 44 A0 69 66 20 5A 65 72 6F DEFINED.if Zero 001490: 20 66 6C 61 67 20 69 73 20 6E 6F 74 20 73 65 74 flag is not set 0014A0: 2C A0 69 66 20 43 61 72 72 79 20 66 6C 61 67 20 ,.if Carry flag 0014B0: 69 73 20 6E 6F 74 20 73 65 74 2C A0 49 58 20 72 is not set,.IX r 0014C0: 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 A0 49 59 20 72 65 67 69 73 egister.IY regis 0014D0: 74 65 72 A0 6C 6F 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 28 49 58 ter.location (IX 0014E0: 2B 6F 66 66 73 65 74 29 A0 6C 6F 63 61 74 69 6F +offset).locatio 0014F0: 6E 20 28 49 59 2B 6F 66 66 73 65 74 29 A0 6C 6F n (IY+offset).lo 001500: 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 28 42 43 29 A0 6C 6F 63 61 cation (BC).loca 001510: 74 69 6F 6E 20 28 44 45 29 A0 41 46 20 72 65 67 tion (DE).AF reg 001520: 69 73 74 65 72 73 A0 61 6C D8 F8 74 65 72 6E 61 isters.al..terna 001530: 74 69 76 65 20 41 46 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 tive AF register 001540: 73 A0 53 74 61 63 6B 20 50 6F 69 6E 74 65 72 A0 s.Stack Pointer. 001550: 69 66 20 53 69 67 6E 20 66 6C 61 67 20 69 73 20 if Sign flag is 001560: 30 2C 20 69 65 20 50 6F 73 69 74 69 76 65 2C A0 0, ie Positive,. 001570: 6C 6F 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 28 49 58 29 A0 6C 6F location (IX).lo 001580: 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 28 49 59 29 A0 73 74 61 63 cation (IY).stac 001590: 6B A0 69 66 20 53 69 67 6E 20 66 6C 61 67 20 69 k.if Sign flag i 0015A0: 73 20 31 2C 20 69 65 20 4D 69 6E 75 73 2C A0 69 s 1, ie Minus,.i 0015B0: 66 20 50 2F 56 20 66 6C 61 67 20 69 73 20 6E 4F f P/V flag is nO 0015C0: 74 20 73 65 74 2C A0 69 66 20 50 2F 56 20 66 6C t set,.if P/V fl 0015D0: 61 67 20 69 73 20 73 45 74 2C A0 49 6E 74 65 72 ag is sEt,.Inter 0015E0: 72 75 70 74 20 76 65 63 74 6F 72 20 72 65 67 69 rupt vector regi 0015F0: 73 74 65 72 A0 52 65 66 72 65 73 68 20 72 65 67 ster.Refresh reg 001600: 69 73 74 65 72 A0 70 6F 72 74 20 77 68 6F 73 65 ister.port whose 001610: 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 69 73 20 69 6E 20 43 A0 number is in C. 001620: 70 6F 72 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 BA 13 62 6F 76 port with a..bov 001630: 65 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 A0 46 6C 61 67 20 72 65 e number.Flag re 001640: 67 69 73 74 65 72 A0 30 20 6F 66 A0 31 20 6F 66 gister.0 of.1 of 001650: A0 32 20 6F 66 A0 33 20 6F 66 A0 34 20 6F 66 A0 .2 of.3 of.4 of. 001660: 35 20 6F 66 A0 36 20 6F 66 A0 37 20 6F 66 A0 30 5 of.6 of.7 of.0 001670: 30 30 30 48 A0 30 30 30 38 48 A0 30 30 31 30 48 000H.0008H.0010H 001680: A0 30 30 31 38 48 A0 30 30 32 30 48 A0 30 30 32 .0018H.0020H.002 001690: 38 48 A0 30 30 33 30 48 A0 30 30 33 38 48 A0 69 8H.0030H.0038H.i 0016A0: 73 20 6C 6F 61 64 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 A0 68 61 s loaded with.ha 0016B0: 73 20 61 64 64 65 64 20 74 6F 20 69 74 A0 68 61 s added to it.ha 0016C0: 73 20 61 64 64 65 64 20 74 6F 20 69 74 20 63 61 s added to it ca 0016D0: 72 72 79 20 61 6E 64 A0 54 68 65 20 41 63 63 75 rry and.The Accu 0016E0: 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 68 61 73 20 73 75 62 74 mulator has subt 0016F0: 72 61 63 74 65 64 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 69 74 A0 68 racted from it.h 001700: 61 73 20 74 61 6B 65 6E 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 69 74 as taken from it 001710: 20 63 61 72 72 79 20 61 6E 64 A0 69 73 20 49 4E carry and.is IN 001720: 43 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 8A AC 31 Cremented by ..1 001730: A0 69 73 20 44 45 43 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 65 64 20 .is DECremented 001740: 62 79 20 31 A0 69 73 20 50 55 53 48 65 64 20 6F by 1.is PUSHed o 001750: 6E 74 6F 20 73 74 61 63 6B 20 61 6E 64 20 53 50 nto stack and SP 001760: 20 64 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 decremented by 001770: 32 A0 69 73 20 50 4F 50 70 65 64 20 66 72 6F 6D 2.is POPped from 001780: 20 73 74 61 63 6B 20 61 6E 64 20 53 50 20 69 6E stack and SP in 001790: 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 32 A0 41 cremented by 2.A 0017A0: 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 69 73 20 6C 6F ccumulator is lo 0017B0: 67 69 63 61 6C 6C 79 20 4F 52 65 64 20 77 69 74 gically ORed wit 0017C0: 68 A0 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 69 73 h.Accumulator is 0017D0: 20 6C 6F 67 69 63 61 6C 6C 79 20 41 4E 44 65 64 logically ANDed 0017E0: 20 77 69 74 68 A0 42 43 2C 20 44 45 2C 20 48 4C with.BC, DE, HL 0017F0: 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 registers are a 001800: 6C 6C 20 45 58 63 68 61 6E 67 65 64 20 77 69 74 ll EXchanged wit 001810: 68 20 74 68 65 20 61 6C 74 65 72 6E 61 74 69 76 h the alternativ 001820: 65 20 73 65 74 A0 69 73 20 45 58 63 68 61 6E 7B e set.is EXchan{ 001830: 71 67 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 A0 41 63 63 75 6D 75 qged with.Accumu 001840: 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 69 73 20 4E 45 47 61 74 65 64 lator is NEGated 001850: 2C 20 69 65 20 6D 61 64 65 20 6E 65 67 61 74 69 , ie made negati 001860: 76 65 A0 63 61 72 72 79 20 66 6C 61 67 20 69 73 ve.carry flag is 001870: 20 69 6E 76 65 72 74 65 64 2C 20 69 65 20 43 6F inverted, ie Co 001880: 6D 70 6C 69 6D 65 6E 74 20 43 61 72 72 79 20 46 mpliment Carry F 001890: 6C 61 67 A0 63 61 72 72 79 20 66 6C 61 67 20 69 lag.carry flag i 0018A0: 73 20 73 65 74 2C 20 69 65 20 53 65 74 20 43 61 s set, ie Set Ca 0018B0: 72 72 79 20 46 6C 61 67 A0 64 65 63 69 6D 61 6C rry Flag.decimal 0018C0: 20 41 64 6A 75 73 74 20 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 Adjust Accumula 0018D0: 74 6F 72 A0 4E 6F 20 4F 50 65 72 61 74 69 6F 6E tor.No OPeration 0018E0: 20 69 73 20 70 65 72 66 6F 72 6D 65 64 2C 20 69 is performed, i 0018F0: 6E 73 70 69 74 65 20 6F 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 nspite of this i 001900: 74 20 74 61 6B 65 73 20 2E 30 30 30 30 30 31 20 t takes .000001 001910: 73 65 63 73 20 74 6F 20 64 6F 20 69 74 A0 63 6F secs to do it.co 001920: 6D 70 75 74 65 72 20 69 73 20 48 41 4C 54 65 64 mputer is HALTed 001930: 20 3C 15 75 6E 74 69 6C 20 61 6E 20 69 6E 74 65 <.until an inte 001940: 72 72 75 70 74 20 63 6F 6D 65 73 20 74 6F 20 61 rrupt comes to a 001950: 77 61 6B 65 20 69 74 20 61 67 61 69 6E A0 74 65 wake it again.te 001960: 73 74 20 42 49 54 A0 53 45 54 20 62 69 74 A0 52 st BIT.SET bit.R 001970: 45 53 65 74 20 62 69 74 A0 62 6C 6F 63 6B 20 74 ESet bit.block t 001980: 72 61 6E 73 66 65 72 20 28 42 43 29 20 62 79 74 ransfer (BC) byt 001990: 65 73 20 73 74 61 72 74 69 6E 67 20 61 74 20 28 es starting at ( 0019A0: 48 4C 29 20 74 6F 20 28 44 45 29 20 69 6E 63 72 HL) to (DE) incr 0019B0: 65 6D 65 6E 74 69 6E 67 A0 74 72 61 6E 73 66 65 ementing.transfe 0019C0: 72 20 28 48 4C 29 20 74 6F 20 28 44 45 29 2C 20 r (HL) to (DE), 0019D0: 69 6E 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 48 4C 20 61 6E 64 increment HL and 0019E0: 20 44 45 2C 20 64 65 63 20 42 43 2C 20 72 65 73 DE, dec BC, res 0019F0: 65 74 20 50 56 20 66 6C 61 67 20 69 66 20 42 43 et PV flag if BC 001A00: 3D 30 A0 62 6C 6F 63 6B 20 74 72 61 6E 73 66 65 =0.block transfe 001A10: 72 20 28 42 43 29 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 73 74 61 r (BC) bytes sta 001A20: 72 74 69 6E 67 20 61 74 20 28 48 4C 29 20 74 6F rting at (HL) to 001A30: 20 28 44 A0 82 45 29 20 64 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E (D..E) decremen 001A40: 74 69 6E 67 A0 74 72 61 6E 73 66 65 72 20 28 48 ting.transfer (H 001A50: 4C 29 20 74 6F 20 28 44 45 29 2C 20 64 65 63 72 L) to (DE), decr 001A60: 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 48 4C 2C 20 44 45 2C 20 61 6E ement HL, DE, an 001A70: 64 20 42 43 2C 20 72 65 73 65 74 20 50 56 20 66 d BC, reset PV f 001A80: 6C 61 67 20 69 66 20 42 43 3D 30 A0 70 65 72 66 lag if BC=0.perf 001A90: 6F 72 6D 20 72 65 6C 61 74 69 76 65 20 6A 75 6D orm relative jum 001AA0: 70 20 74 6F A0 64 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 42 p to.decrement B 001AB0: 2C 20 69 66 20 7A 65 72 6F 20 63 6F 6E 74 69 6E , if zero contin 001AC0: 75 65 2C 20 69 66 20 4E 6F 74 20 5A 65 72 6F 20 ue, if Not Zero 001AD0: 70 65 72 66 6F 72 6D 20 72 65 6C 61 74 69 76 65 perform relative 001AE0: 20 6A 75 6D 70 20 74 6F A0 70 75 73 68 20 74 68 jump to.push th 001AF0: 65 20 72 65 74 75 72 6E 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 e return address 001B00: 20 74 6F 20 73 74 61 63 6B 20 61 6E 64 20 43 41 to stack and CA 001B10: 4C 4C A0 70 65 72 66 6F 72 6D 20 6A 75 6D 70 20 LL.perform jump 001B20: 74 6F A0 52 45 54 75 72 6E 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 4E to.RETurn from N 001B30: 6F 6E 2D 6D 61 44 52 73 6B 61 62 6C 65 20 69 6E on-maDRskable in 001B40: 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 3A 20 4E 4F 54 20 50 45 52 terrupt: NOT PER 001B50: 46 4F 52 4D 45 44 20 42 59 20 53 49 4D 55 4C 41 FORMED BY SIMULA 001B60: 54 4F 52 A0 52 45 54 75 72 6E 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 TOR.RETurn from 001B70: 49 6E 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 3A 20 4E 4F 54 20 50 Interrupt: NOT P 001B80: 45 52 46 4F 52 4D 45 44 20 42 59 20 53 49 4D 55 ERFORMED BY SIMU 001B90: 4C 41 54 4F 52 A0 52 45 54 75 72 6E 20 61 64 64 LATOR.RETurn add 001BA0: 72 65 73 73 20 69 73 20 50 4F 50 70 65 64 20 66 ress is POPped f 001BB0: 72 6F 6D 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 61 63 6B A0 73 65 rom the stack.se 001BC0: 61 72 63 68 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 28 48 4C 29 20 49 arch from (HL) I 001BD0: 6E 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 69 6E 67 20 42 43 20 62 ncrementing BC b 001BE0: 79 74 65 73 20 66 6F 72 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 6E ytes for data in 001BF0: 20 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 A0 63 6F 6D Accumulator.com 001C00: 70 61 72 65 20 28 48 4C 29 20 77 69 74 68 20 41 pare (HL) with A 001C10: 2C 20 69 6E 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 48 4C 2C 20 , increment HL, 001C20: 64 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 42 43 A0 73 65 61 decrement BC.sea 001C30: 72 63 68 20 66 72 6F E0 6F 6D 20 28 48 4C 29 20 rch fro.om (HL) 001C40: 44 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 69 6E 67 20 42 43 20 Decrementing BC 001C50: 62 79 74 65 73 20 66 6F 72 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 bytes for data i 001C60: 6E 20 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 A0 63 6F n Accumulator.co 001C70: 6D 70 61 72 65 20 28 48 4C 29 20 77 69 74 68 20 mpare (HL) with 001C80: 41 2C 20 64 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 48 4C 2C A, decrement HL, 001C90: 20 61 6E 64 20 42 43 A0 69 6E 76 65 72 74 20 61 and BC.invert a 001CA0: 6C 6C 20 62 69 74 73 20 69 6E 20 41 20 72 65 67 ll bits in A reg 001CB0: 69 73 74 65 72 2C 20 69 65 20 43 6F 6D 50 4C 69 ister, ie ComPLi 001CC0: 6D 65 6E 74 A0 61 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 ment.accumulator 001CD0: 20 69 73 20 43 6F 6D 50 61 72 65 64 20 77 69 74 is ComPared wit 001CE0: 68 A0 63 6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 73 20 6F 66 20 41 63 h.contents of Ac 001CF0: 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 69 73 20 65 58 63 cumulator is eXc 001D00: 6C 75 73 69 76 65 6C 79 20 4F 52 65 64 20 77 69 lusively ORed wi 001D10: 74 68 A0 72 6F 74 61 74 65 20 41 63 63 75 6D 75 th.rotate Accumu 001D20: 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 4C 65 66 74 20 73 68 69 66 74 lator Left shift 001D30: 69 6E 67 20 62 69 74 20 37 1E FB 20 69 6E 74 6F ing bit 7.. into 001D40: 20 43 61 72 72 79 A0 72 6F 74 61 74 65 20 41 63 Carry.rotate Ac 001D50: 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 61 6E 64 20 63 61 cumulator and ca 001D60: 72 72 79 20 4C 65 66 74 A0 72 6F 74 61 74 65 20 rry Left.rotate 001D70: 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 52 69 67 68 Accumulator Righ 001D80: 74 2C 20 73 68 69 66 74 69 6E 67 20 62 69 74 20 t, shifting bit 001D90: 30 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 43 61 72 72 79 A0 72 6F 74 0 into Carry.rot 001DA0: 61 74 65 20 61 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 ate accumulator 001DB0: 61 6E 64 20 63 61 72 72 79 20 52 69 67 68 74 A0 and carry Right. 001DC0: 72 6F 74 61 74 65 20 4C 65 66 74 20 44 65 63 69 rotate Left Deci 001DD0: 6D 61 6C 20 63 6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 73 20 6F 66 20 mal contents of 001DE0: 28 48 4C 29 20 77 69 74 68 20 6C 6F 77 20 6E 69 (HL) with low ni 001DF0: 62 62 6C 65 20 6F 66 20 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 bble of Accumula 001E00: 74 6F 72 A0 72 6F 74 61 74 65 20 52 69 67 68 74 tor.rotate Right 001E10: 20 44 65 63 69 6D 61 6C 20 63 6F 6E 74 65 6E 74 Decimal content 001E20: 73 20 6F 66 20 28 48 4C 29 20 77 69 74 68 20 6C s of (HL) with l 001E30: 6F 77 20 6E 69 62 62 6C 65 20 6F 4C 93 66 20 41 ow nibble oL.f A 001E40: 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 A0 63 68 61 6E 67 ccumulator.chang 001E50: 65 20 49 6E 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 20 4D 6F 64 65 e Interrupt Mode 001E60: 20 74 6F A0 72 65 53 54 61 72 74 20 61 74 20 61 to.reSTart at a 001E70: 64 64 72 65 73 73 A0 69 4E 70 75 74 20 66 72 6F ddress.iNput fro 001E80: 6D 20 70 6F 72 74 20 28 43 29 2C 20 69 6E 74 6F m port (C), into 001E90: 20 62 6C 6F 63 6B 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 28 48 4C 29 block from (HL) 001EA0: 20 49 6E 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 69 6E 67 20 48 4C Incrementing HL 001EB0: 20 66 6F 72 20 42 20 62 79 74 65 73 A0 69 4E 70 for B bytes.iNp 001EC0: 75 74 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 28 48 4C 29 20 66 72 6F ut into (HL) fro 001ED0: 6D 20 70 6F 72 74 20 28 43 29 20 69 6E 63 72 65 m port (C) incre 001EE0: 6D 65 6E 74 20 48 4C 2C 20 64 65 63 72 65 6D 65 ment HL, decreme 001EF0: 6E 74 20 42 A0 69 4E 70 75 74 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 nt B.iNput from 001F00: 70 6F 72 74 20 28 43 29 2C 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 62 port (C), into b 001F10: 6C 6F 63 6B 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 28 48 4C 29 20 44 lock from (HL) D 001F20: 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 69 6E 67 20 48 4C 20 66 ecrementing HL f 001F30: 6F 72 20 42 20 62 79 74 65 73 A0 69 4E 03 25 70 or B bytes.iN.%p 001F40: 75 74 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 28 48 4C 29 20 66 72 6F ut into (HL) fro 001F50: 6D 20 70 6F 72 74 20 28 43 29 20 44 65 63 72 65 m port (C) Decre 001F60: 6D 65 6E 74 20 48 4C 2C 20 64 65 63 72 65 6D 65 ment HL, decreme 001F70: 6E 74 20 42 A0 69 6E 70 75 74 20 64 61 74 61 20 nt B.input data 001F80: 66 72 6F 6D A0 6F 75 74 70 75 74 20 66 72 6F 6D from.output from 001F90: 20 28 48 4C 29 20 74 6F 20 70 6F 72 74 20 28 43 (HL) to port (C 001FA0: 29 20 69 6E 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 48 4C 2C 20 ) increment HL, 001FB0: 64 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 42 A0 6F 75 54 70 decrement B.ouTp 001FC0: 75 74 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 28 48 4C 29 20 74 6F 20 ut from (HL) to 001FD0: 70 6F 72 74 20 28 43 29 20 62 6C 6F 63 6B 20 66 port (C) block f 001FE0: 72 6F 6D 20 28 48 4C 29 20 49 6E 63 72 65 6D 65 rom (HL) Increme 001FF0: 6E 74 69 6E 67 20 66 6F 72 20 42 20 62 79 74 65 nting for B byte 002000: 73 A0 6F 55 54 70 75 74 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 28 48 s.oUTput from (H 002010: 4C 29 20 74 6F 20 70 6F 72 74 20 28 43 29 20 44 L) to port (C) D 002020: 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 48 4C 2C 20 64 65 63 ecrement HL, dec 002030: 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 20 42 A0 6F 75 54 70 75 74 B5 rement B.ouTput. 002040: 33 20 74 6F 20 70 6F 72 74 20 28 43 29 2C 20 66 3 to port (C), f 002050: 72 6F 6D 20 62 6C 6F 63 6B 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 28 rom block from ( 002060: 48 4C 29 20 44 65 63 72 65 6D 65 6E 74 69 6E 67 HL) Decrementing 002070: 20 48 4C 20 66 6F 72 20 42 20 62 79 74 65 73 A0 HL for B bytes. 002080: 6F 55 54 70 75 74 A0 64 69 73 61 62 6C 65 20 49 oUTput.disable I 002090: 6E 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 73 2E 20 4E 4F 54 20 50 nterrupts. NOT P 0020A0: 45 52 46 4F 52 4D 45 44 20 42 59 20 53 49 4D 55 ERFORMED BY SIMU 0020B0: 4C 41 54 4F 52 2E A0 65 6E 61 62 6C 65 20 49 6E LATOR..enable In 0020C0: 74 65 72 72 75 70 74 73 2E 20 4E 4F 54 20 50 45 terrupts. NOT PE 0020D0: 52 46 4F 52 4D 45 44 20 42 59 20 53 49 4D 55 4C RFORMED BY SIMUL 0020E0: 41 54 4F 52 2E A0 69 73 20 52 6F 74 61 74 65 64 ATOR..is Rotated 0020F0: 20 4C 65 66 74 20 73 68 69 66 74 69 6E 67 20 62 Left shifting b 002100: 69 74 20 37 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 43 61 72 72 79 A0 it 7 into Carry. 002110: 61 6E 64 20 43 61 72 72 79 20 61 72 65 20 72 6F and Carry are ro 002120: 74 61 74 65 64 20 4C 65 66 74 A0 69 73 20 52 6F tated Left.is Ro 002130: 74 61 74 65 64 20 52 69 67 68 74 2C 20 73 68 69 tated Right, shi 002140: 66 C3 F4 74 69 6E 67 20 62 69 74 20 30 20 69 6E f..ting bit 0 in 002150: 74 6F 20 43 61 72 72 79 A0 61 6E 64 20 43 61 72 to Carry.and Car 002160: 72 79 20 61 72 65 20 52 6F 74 61 74 65 64 20 52 ry are Rotated R 002170: 69 67 68 74 A0 69 73 20 53 68 69 66 74 65 64 20 ight.is Shifted 002180: 4C 65 66 74 20 41 72 69 74 68 6D 65 74 69 63 61 Left Arithmetica 002190: 6C 6C 79 2C 20 30 20 65 6E 74 65 72 73 20 61 74 lly, 0 enters at 0021A0: 20 62 69 74 20 30 A0 69 73 20 53 68 69 66 74 65 bit 0.is Shifte 0021B0: 64 20 52 69 67 68 74 20 41 72 69 74 68 6D 65 74 d Right Arithmet 0021C0: 69 63 61 6C 6C 79 2C 20 73 69 67 6E 20 62 69 74 ically, sign bit 0021D0: 20 75 6E 63 68 61 6E 67 65 64 A0 69 73 20 53 68 unchanged.is Sh 0021E0: 69 66 74 65 64 20 52 69 67 68 74 20 4C 6F 67 69 ifted Right Logi 0021F0: 63 61 6C 6C 79 2C 20 30 20 69 73 20 73 68 69 66 cally, 0 is shif 002200: 74 65 64 20 69 6E 74 6F 20 62 69 74 20 37 A0 A0 ted into bit 7.. 002210: 00 58 00 00 00 DD CB 00 7E C8 21 CF 31 CB 8E DD .X......~.!.1... 002220: CB 00 76 28 2E DD 6E 08 DD 66 09 DD E5 01 08 00 ..v(..n..f...... 002230: DD 21 F3 3B 7D DD BE 06 20 15 7C DD BE 07 20 0F .!.;}... .|... . 002240: DD E5 E1 53 9D DD E1 CD F1 32 3E 20 CD 45 1A 18 ...S.....2> .E.. 002250: 0B DD 09 18 E1 3E 07 83 5F 30 01 14 21 F0 45 DD .....>.._0..!.E. 002260: CB 00 56 28 03 21 68 46 22 4D 32 CD 4C 32 CD F1 ..V(.!hF"M2.L2.. 002270: 32 3E 20 CD 45 1A DD 7E 04 FE 7F C8 CD 5C 32 DD 2> .E..~.....\2. 002280: 7E 05 FE 7F C8 3E 2C CD 45 1A DD 7E 05 CD 5C 32 ~....>,.E..~..\2 002290: C9 21 F0 45 7D DD 86 03 6F 30 01 24 7E 23 66 6F .!.E}...o0.$~#fo 0022A0: C9 FE 28 20 15 CD E6 32 21 CF 31 CB CE 3E 06 CD ..( ...2!.1..>.. 0022B0: DE 32 CD 1D 33 3E 29 C3 45 1A FE 2A 28 E7 FE 02 .2..3>).E..*(... 0022C0: 20 11 3E 06 21 CF 31 CB 4E 28 02 3E 07 CD DE 32 .>.!.1.N(.>...2 0022D0: C3 1D 33 FE 18 20 08 3E 06 CD DE 32 C3 31 33 FE ..3.. .>...2.13. 0022E0: 1E 28 F4 FE 4A 20 0C 3E 28 CD 45 1A 3E 06 CD DE .(..J .>(.E.>... 0022F0: 32 18 BF FE 1A 20 0A 3E 28 CD 45 1A CD 92 32 18 2.... .>(.E...2. 002300: B4 FE 72 28 04 FE 74 20 09 DD 6E 01 DD 66 02 C3 ..r(..t ..n..f.. 002310: F1 32 FE 76 20 15 3E 28 CD 45 1A CD C4 32 3E 29 .2.v .>(.E...2>) 002320: C3 45 1A 2A EC 3B 85 6F D0 24 C9 21 0B 45 4F 06 .E.*.;.o.$.!.EO. 002330: 00 09 4E 23 66 69 7E CB 7F 20 06 CD 45 1A 23 18 ..N#fi~.. ..E.#. 002340: F5 E6 7F CD 45 13 06 1A C9 3E 00 CD 0D 33 CD 0D ....E....>...3.. 002350: 33 ED 6F C9 ED 6F F5 C6 30 FE 3A 38 02 C6 07 CD 3.o..o..0.:8.... 002360: 45 1A F1 C9 3A CF 31 CB 47 28 05 6E 26 00 18 1A E...:.1.G(.n&... 002370: CD 02 33 3E 48 C3 45 1A 3A CF 31 CB 47 20 07 23 ..3>H.E.:.1.G .# 002380: CD 02 33 2B 18 EA 7E 23 66 6F DD E5 C5 D5 11 00 ..3+..~#fo...... 002390: 00 7B 01 00 10 DD 21 A9 33 29 30 12 7B DD 86 00 .{....!.3)0.{... 0023A0: 27 5F 7A DD 8E 01 27 57 79 DD 8E 02 27 4F DD 23 '_z...'Wy...'O.# 0023B0: DD 23 DD 23 10 E3 ED 53 A6 33 32 A8 33 21 A8 33 .#.#...S.32.3!.3 0023C0: 06 03 3E 00 D1 C5 ED 6F C4 9A 33 ED 6F C4 9A 33 ..>....o..3.o..3 0023D0: 2B C1 10 F1 CB 7F 20 05 3E 30 CD 45 1A C1 DD E1 +..... .>0.E.... 0023E0: C9 CB FF F5 E6 0F C6 30 CD 45 1A F1 C9 00 00 00 .......0.E...... 0023F0: 68 27 03 84 63 01 92 81 00 96 40 00 48 20 00 24 h'..c.....@.H .$ 002400: 10 00 12 05 00 56 02 00 28 01 00 64 00 00 32 00 .....V..(..d..2. 002410: 00 16 00 00 08 00 00 04 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 ................ 002420: 45 52 52 4F 52 A0 CD 64 39 21 1F 3B 36 00 21 F3 ERROR..d9!.;6.!. 002430: 3B 22 1B 3B 21 73 3C 22 1D 3B 06 10 DD 21 20 3B ;".;!s<".;...! ; 002440: C5 CD 21 34 C1 10 F9 63 44 CD E6 12 DD 21 20 3B ..!4...cD....! ; 002450: 06 10 C5 CD 57 35 C1 10 F9 DD 36 00 00 2A CD 31 ....W5....6..*.1 002460: DD 75 08 DD 74 09 CD A0 41 C9 DD 36 00 00 ED 5B .u..t...A..6...[ 002470: EE 3B 1A FE 20 28 0E CD 3B 39 1A FE 20 21 9D 3A .;.. 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00 7F 7F 07 30 80 52 l..0.RLC.....0.R 004000: 4C C1 00 00 7F 7F 17 30 80 52 52 43 C1 00 7F 7F L......0.RRC.... 004010: 0F 30 80 52 52 C1 00 00 7F 7F 1F 30 80 45 58 D8 .0.RR......0.EX. 004020: 00 00 7F 7F D9 30 80 4C 44 C9 00 00 7F 7F ED A0 .....0.LD....... 004030: 80 4C 44 49 D2 00 7F 7F ED B0 80 4C 44 C4 00 00 .LDI.......LD... 004040: 7F 7F ED A8 80 4C 44 44 D2 00 7F 7F ED B8 80 43 .....LDD.......C 004050: 50 C9 00 00 7F 7F ED A1 80 43 50 49 D2 00 7F 7F P........CPI.... 004060: ED B1 80 43 50 C4 00 00 7F 7F ED A9 80 43 50 44 ...CP........CPD 004070: D2 00 7F 7F ED B9 80 44 41 C1 00 00 7F 7F 27 1A .......DA.....'. 004080: A8 30 80 43 50 CC 00 00 7F 7F 2F 30 80 4E 45 C7 .0.CP...../0.NE. 004090: 00 00 7F 7F ED 44 80 43 43 C6 00 00 7F 7F 3F 30 .....D.CC.....?0 0040A0: 80 53 43 C6 00 00 7F 7F 37 30 80 4E 4F D0 00 00 .SC.....70.NO... 0040B0: 7F 7F 00 30 80 52 4C C4 00 00 7F 7F ED 6F 80 52 ...0.RL......o.R 0040C0: 52 C4 00 00 7F 7F ED 67 80 49 4E C9 00 00 7F 7F R......g.IN..... 0040D0: ED A2 80 49 4E 49 D2 00 7F 7F ED B2 80 49 4E C4 ...INI.......IN. 0040E0: 00 00 7F 7F ED AA 80 49 4E 44 D2 00 7F 7F ED BA .......IND...... 0040F0: 80 4F 55 54 C9 00 7F 7F ED A3 80 4F 54 49 D2 00 .OUT.....£.OTI.. 004100: 7F 7F ED B3 80 4F 55 54 C4 00 7F 7F ED AB 80 4F .....OUT.......O 004110: 54 44 D2 00 7F 7F ED BB 80 44 C9 00 00 00 7F 7F TD.......D...... 004120: F3 30 80 45 C9 00 00 00 7F 7F FB 30 80 52 45 54 .0.E.......0.RET 004130: C9 00 7F 7F ED 4D 80 52 45 54 CE 00 7F 7F ED 45 .....M.RET.....E 004140: 80 48 41 4C D4 00 7F 7F 76 30 80 44 45 46 C2 00 .HAL....v0.DEF.. 004150: 02 7F CB 30 80 42 49 CE 00 00 02 7F CB 30 80 44 ...0.BI......0.D 004160: 45 46 D7 00 18 7F CB 30 80 CD CB 51 21 50 C0 22 EF.....0...Q!P." 004170: 0D 52 18 33 2A 04 58 CD AD 51 21 37 52 CD FC 51 .R.3*.X..Q!7R..Q 004180: CD E1 7B E7 51 CD 06 BB FE 20 CA 7C 51 FE 0D 20 ..{.Q.... .|Q.. 004190: F4 2A 00 58 ED 4B 02 58 A7 ED 42 20 0C 21 5F 52 .*.X.K.X..B .!_R 0041A0: CD FC 51 CD D9 51 D8 18 53 DD 2A 00 58 DD 6E 00 ..Q..Q..S.*.X.n. 0041B0: DD 66 01 E5 DD E1 DD CB 00 46 20 40 DD 6E 01 DD .f.......F @.n.. 0041C0: 66 02 DD CB 00 4E 20 1E CD AD 51 21 0F 52 CD FC f....N ...Q!.R.. 0041D0: 51 3E 42 CD 1E BB 20 24 CD 06 BB FE 20 20 F2 01 Q>B... $.... .. 0041E0: 03 00 DD 09 18 D0 DD CB 00 56 3E 01 28 02 3E 00 .........V>.(.>. 0041F0: 32 CF 31 22 41 17 CD CB 51 CD B9 11 CD CB 51 2A 2.1"A...Q.....Q* 004200: 00 58 ED 4B 02 58 A7 ED 42 CA 9E 51 2A 0D 52 01 .X.K.X..B..Q*.R. 004210: 50 00 09 22 0D 52 2A 00 58 23 23 22 00 58 C3 F3 P..".R*.X##".X.. 004220: 50 21 08 58 22 00 58 21 A0 C0 22 0D 52 C3 F3 50 P!.X".X!..".R..P 004230: 11 00 00 CD F1 32 3E 00 BB 28 07 3E 20 CD 45 1A .....2>..(.> .E. 004240: 18 F4 CB 4E 23 28 EC 2B 3E 16 BA 30 EE C9 21 00 ...N#(.+>..0..!. 004250: C0 11 01 C0 01 FF 3F 36 0F ED B0 C9 CD 18 BB FE ......?6........ 004260: 79 37 C8 FE 6E 37 3F C8 18 F2 2A 0D 52 0E 08 06 y7..n7?...*.R... 004270: 50 7E ED 6F 23 10 FA 11 B0 07 19 0D 20 F1 C9 3E P~.o#....... ..> 004280: F0 32 91 C6 41 1A 11 00 18 CD F1 32 3E 0F 32 91 .2..A......2>.2. 004290: 1A C9 A0 C0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 72 65 73 .... Pres 0042A0: 73 20 53 50 41 43 45 20 74 6F 20 63 6F 6E 74 69 s SPACE to conti 0042B0: 6E 75 65 2E 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 A0 20 50 72 65 nue. . Pre 0042C0: 73 73 20 53 50 41 43 45 20 74 6F 20 73 65 6C 65 ss SPACE to sele 0042D0: 63 74 20 26 20 45 4E 54 45 52 20 74 6F 20 73 74 ct & ENTER to st 0042E0: 61 72 74 A0 20 50 6C 65 61 73 65 20 63 6F 6E 66 art. Please conf 0042F0: 69 72 6D 20 6C 6F 61 64 69 6E 67 20 72 65 71 75 irm loading requ 004300: 69 72 65 64 20 20 20 20 59 2F 4E A0 00 00 00 00 ired Y/N..... 004310: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 004320: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 004330: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 004340: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 004350: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 004360: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 004370: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 004380: 00 00 00 00 00 A2 EC FF FF FF FF ...........
previousnext* BLOCK 0004 : TURBO LOADING DATA

Length of PILOT pulse : 2310
Length of SYNC First pulse : 1111
Length of SYNC Second pulse : 1190
Length of ZERO bit pulse : 1166
Length of ONE bit pulse : 2331
Length of PILOT tone : 4095
Used bits in last byte : 8
Pause After this block : 2556ms
Data : 263 bytes
Total size : 282 bytes

Sum DATA : 1 550
000000: FC 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000030: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000040: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000050: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000060: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000070: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000080: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000090: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000D0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0000F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 000100: 00 14 FE FF FF FF FF .......
previousnext* BLOCK 0005 : TURBO LOADING DATA

Length of PILOT pulse : 2311
Length of SYNC First pulse : 1111
Length of SYNC Second pulse : 1190
Length of ZERO bit pulse : 1161
Length of ONE bit pulse : 2324
Length of PILOT tone : 4104
Used bits in last byte : 8
Pause After this block : 2556ms
Data : 21935 bytes
Total size : 21954 bytes

Sum DATA : 1 823 924
000000: FB 06 58 26 58 05 83 27 58 2B 58 32 58 39 58 3D ..X&X..'X+X2X9X= 000010: 58 44 58 4B 58 52 58 62 58 69 58 79 58 80 58 90 XDXKXRXbXiXyX.X. 000020: 58 97 58 9E 58 AB 58 00 00 15 82 01 00 10 85 00 X.X.X.X......... 000030: BF 87 01 00 E3 89 00 DB 8B 01 00 AC 8C 01 00 84 ................ 000040: 8E 02 E5 8F 01 00 62 59 00 DD 5B 01 00 B2 58 06 ......bY..[...X. 000050: 55 5C 01 00 F4 5C 00 96 5F 00 04 61 00 2F 63 00 U\...\.._..a./c. 000060: 8D 64 01 00 F5 64 06 C5 65 01 00 76 66 00 6D 67 .d...d..e..vf.mg 000070: 00 40 69 00 FC 6A 00 F7 6C 01 00 D8 6D 06 6A 6E .@i..j..l...m.jn 000080: 01 00 16 6F 00 A6 70 00 05 73 00 4F 75 00 72 77 ...o..p..s.Ou.rw 000090: 01 00 DF 78 06 A4 79 01 00 60 7A 02 A6 7B 01 00 ...x..y..`z..{.. 0000A0: 49 7C 00 1F 7E 00 7D 7F 00 C1 80 01 00 21 81 06 I|..~.}......!.. 0000B0: A5 81 01 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 ... EXAMPLE 0000C0: 53 20 4F 46 20 42 49 54 20 4D 41 4E 49 50 55 4C S OF BIT MANIPUL 0000D0: 41 54 49 4F 4E A0 A0 20 54 68 65 20 66 6F 6C 6C ATION.. The foll 0000E0: 6F 77 69 6E 67 20 69 6C 6C 75 73 74 72 61 74 65 owing illustrate 0000F0: 73 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 77 61 79 20 20 69 6E 77 s the way inw 000100: 68 B2 91 69 63 68 20 20 53 45 54 2C 20 52 45 53 h..ich SET, RES 000110: 2C 20 61 6E 64 20 20 42 49 54 20 63 61 6E 20 62 , and BIT can b 000120: 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 6F 6D 61 6E 69 70 75 6C e used tomanipul 000130: 61 74 65 20 69 6E 64 69 76 69 64 75 61 6C 20 62 ate individual b 000140: 69 74 73 20 6F 66 20 61 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 its of a registe 000150: 72 6F 72 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 6C 6F 63 61 74 ror memory locat 000160: 69 6F 6E 2E A3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ion.£ 000170: 20 42 49 54 20 4D 41 4E 49 50 55 4C 41 54 49 4F BIT MANIPULATIO 000180: 4E A0 A0 20 57 65 20 68 61 76 65 20 73 6F 20 66 N.. We have so f 000190: 61 72 20 74 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 20 69 6E 66 6F ar treated info 0001A0: 72 6D 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 20 69 6E 74 68 65 20 66 rmation inthe f 0001B0: 6F 72 6D 20 6F 66 20 62 79 74 65 73 20 6F 72 20 orm of bytes or 0001C0: 77 6F 72 64 73 2E 20 54 68 65 20 5A 38 30 20 64 words. The Z80 d 0001D0: 6F 65 73 61 6C 6C 6F 77 20 61 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 oesallow a numbe 0001E0: 72 20 6F 66 20 6F 70 65 72 61 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 r of operations 0001F0: 6F 6E 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 65 6F 72 20 67 72 on separateor gr 000200: 6F 75 70 E1 FC 73 20 6F 66 20 62 69 74 73 20 77 oup..s of bits w 000210: 69 74 68 69 6E 20 6F 6E 65 20 62 79 74 65 A0 A0 ithin one byte.. 000220: 20 41 6E 79 20 20 62 69 74 20 20 69 6E 20 20 20 Any bit in 000230: 61 20 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 2C 20 20 6F 72 a register, or 000240: 20 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 6C 6F 63 61 74 69 6F 6E memorylocation 000250: 20 75 73 69 6E 67 20 28 48 4C 29 2C 20 20 63 61 using (HL), ca 000260: 6E 20 20 62 65 20 20 53 45 54 20 20 74 6F 20 61 n be SET to a 000270: 22 31 22 2E 20 57 65 20 63 61 6E 20 61 6C 73 6F "1". We can also 000280: 20 52 45 53 65 74 20 61 6E 79 20 62 69 74 20 74 RESet any bit t 000290: 6F 20 61 20 22 30 22 2E 54 6F 20 20 74 65 73 74 o a "0".To test 0002A0: 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 20 73 74 61 74 65 20 20 6F the state o 0002B0: 66 20 20 61 20 20 62 69 74 20 20 69 6E 20 20 61 f a bit in a 0002C0: 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 2C 20 6F 72 20 6D 65 6D register, or mem 0002D0: 6F 72 79 20 6C 6F 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 77 65 ory location, we 0002E0: 20 63 61 6E 20 75 73 65 74 68 65 20 69 6E 73 74 can usethe inst 0002F0: 72 75 63 74 69 6F 6E 20 42 49 54 2E 20 49 6E 20 ruction BIT. In 000300: 74 68 69 73 20 FF D5 69 6E 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 this ..instructi 000310: 6F 6E 74 68 65 20 5A 65 72 6F 20 66 6C 61 67 20 onthe Zero flag 000320: 69 73 20 73 65 74 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 20 61 is set if the a 000330: 70 70 72 6F 70 72 69 61 74 65 62 69 74 20 69 73 ppropriatebit is 000340: 20 20 22 30 22 20 20 61 6E 64 20 72 65 73 65 74 "0" and reset 000350: 20 74 6F 20 61 20 20 22 30 22 20 20 69 66 20 74 to a "0" if t 000360: 68 65 61 70 70 72 6F 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 20 62 heappropriate b 000370: 69 74 20 20 69 73 20 22 31 22 2E 20 20 48 65 6E it is "1". Hen 000380: 63 65 20 77 65 20 20 63 61 6E 70 72 6F 64 75 63 ce we canproduc 000390: 65 20 6F 75 72 20 6F 77 6E 20 66 6C 61 67 73 20 e our own flags 0003A0: 74 6F 20 69 6E 64 69 63 61 74 65 20 65 76 65 6E to indicate even 0003B0: 74 73 61 6E 64 20 74 68 65 6E 20 20 61 63 74 20 tsand then act 0003C0: 20 75 70 6F 6E 20 20 74 68 65 6D 20 20 6C 61 74 upon them lat 0003D0: 65 72 20 69 6E 20 20 6F 75 72 70 72 6F 67 72 61 er in ourprogra 0003E0: 6D 73 2E A3 20 53 75 6D 6D 61 72 79 20 2D 20 62 ms.£ Summary - b 0003F0: 69 74 20 6D 61 6E 69 70 75 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E A0 it manipulation. 000400: A0 53 45 54 20 4E 2C 07 69 72 20 20 20 20 77 68 .SET N,.ir wh 000410: 65 72 65 20 4E 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 62 69 74 ere N is the bit 000420: 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 30 2D 37 53 45 54 20 4E number 0-7SET N 000430: 2C 28 48 4C 29 A0 A0 52 45 53 20 4E 2C 72 A0 52 ,(HL)..RES N,r.R 000440: 45 53 20 4E 2C 28 48 4C 29 A0 A0 42 49 54 20 4E ES N,(HL)..BIT N 000450: 2C 72 A0 42 49 54 20 4E 2C 28 48 4C 29 A3 20 4C ,r.BIT N,(HL)£ L 000460: 44 20 48 4C 2C 53 54 4F 52 45 A0 20 20 53 45 54 D HL,STORE. SET 000470: 20 36 2C 28 48 4C 29 A0 20 4C 4F 4F 50 20 20 49 6,(HL). LOOP I 000480: 4E 43 20 28 48 4C 29 A0 20 20 42 49 54 20 32 2C NC (HL). BIT 2, 000490: 28 48 4C 29 A0 20 20 4A 52 20 5A 2C 4C 4F 4F 50 (HL). JR Z,LOOP 0004A0: A0 20 20 52 45 53 20 33 2C 28 48 4C 29 A0 20 20 . RES 3,(HL). 0004B0: 4C 44 20 42 2C 35 A0 20 20 53 45 54 20 37 2C 42 LD B,5. SET 7,B 0004C0: A0 20 20 52 45 53 20 32 2C 42 A0 20 20 44 45 43 . RES 2,B. DEC 0004D0: 20 42 A0 20 20 42 49 54 20 35 2C 42 A0 20 20 52 B. BIT 5,B. R 0004E0: 45 54 20 5A A0 20 20 A0 20 53 54 4F 52 45 20 42 ET Z. . STORE B 0004F0: 49 4E 20 31 36 A0 20 20 A0 20 20 A0 20 20 20 20 IN 16. . . 000500: 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 4F 47 E4 9C 49 43 41 4C 20 LOG..ICAL 000510: 49 4E 53 54 52 55 43 54 49 4F 4E 53 A0 A0 20 54 INSTRUCTIONS.. T 000520: 68 65 72 65 20 20 61 72 65 20 20 74 68 72 65 65 here are three 000530: 20 6C 6F 67 69 63 61 6C 20 20 69 6E 73 74 72 75 logical instru 000540: 63 74 69 6F 6E 73 61 76 61 69 6C 61 62 6C 65 20 ctionsavailable 000550: 20 6F 6E 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 5A 38 30 2E 20 20 on the Z80. 000560: 20 54 68 65 79 20 61 72 65 20 20 61 6C 6C 70 65 They are allpe 000570: 72 66 6F 72 6D 65 64 20 20 6F 6E 20 61 20 62 69 rformed on a bi 000580: 74 20 62 79 20 62 69 74 20 62 61 73 69 73 20 62 t by bit basis b 000590: 65 74 77 65 65 6E 74 68 65 20 41 63 63 75 6D 75 etweenthe Accumu 0005A0: 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 61 6E 64 20 61 20 20 6E 75 6D lator and a num 0005B0: 62 65 72 2C 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 2C 6F 72 ber, register,or 0005C0: 20 69 6E 64 69 72 65 63 74 6C 79 20 61 64 64 72 indirectly addr 0005D0: 65 73 73 65 64 20 20 6D 65 6D 6F 72 79 20 6C 6F essed memory lo 0005E0: 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 28 48 4C 29 2E 20 20 54 68 65 cation(HL). The 0005F0: 20 20 20 72 65 73 75 6C 74 20 20 20 69 73 20 20 result is 000600: 6C 65 66 74 20 20 20 69 6E 20 20 D4 1A 74 68 65 left in ..the 000610: 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 2E A0 A0 20 49 Accumulator... I 000620: 6E 20 74 68 65 20 41 4E 44 20 69 6E 73 74 72 75 n the AND instru 000630: 63 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 69 66 20 61 20 62 69 74 20 ction, if a bit 000640: 69 6E 20 74 68 65 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F in theAccumulato 000650: 72 20 20 41 4E 44 20 20 6F 74 68 65 72 20 6E 75 r AND other nu 000660: 6D 62 65 72 20 61 72 65 20 20 22 31 22 2C 74 68 mber are "1",th 000670: 65 6E 20 74 68 65 20 63 6F 72 72 65 73 70 6F 6E en the correspon 000680: 64 69 6E 67 20 62 69 74 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 ding bit in the 000690: 72 65 73 75 6C 74 77 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 20 22 31 resultwill be "1 0006A0: 22 2E 20 49 66 20 6E 6F 74 20 69 74 20 77 69 6C ". If not it wil 0006B0: 6C 20 62 65 20 22 30 22 A0 A0 20 69 2E 65 2E 20 l be "0".. i.e. 0006C0: 20 20 20 20 20 30 31 31 30 31 31 30 30 A0 20 20 01101100. 0006D0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 31 30 31 30 31 31 0101011 0006E0: 30 20 20 20 41 4E 44 65 64 20 74 6F 67 65 74 68 0 ANDed togeth 0006F0: 65 72 A0 20 67 69 76 65 73 20 20 20 20 20 30 31 er. gives 01 000700: 30 30 30 31 30 30 A0 A0 20 41 73 20 77 27 B2 65 000100.. As w'.e 000710: 6C 6C 20 61 73 20 20 70 65 72 66 6F 72 6D 69 6E ll as performin 000720: 67 20 20 41 4E 44 73 20 6F 6E 20 6F 75 72 20 6F g ANDs on our o 000730: 77 6E 66 6C 61 67 73 2C 20 20 74 68 69 73 20 20 wnflags, this 000740: 69 6E 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6F 6E 20 20 69 73 20 instruction is 000750: 20 75 73 65 66 75 6C 20 69 6E 6D 61 73 6B 69 6E useful inmaskin 000760: 67 20 6F 66 66 20 61 72 65 61 73 20 6F 66 20 77 g off areas of w 000770: 6F 72 64 73 2C 20 6F 72 20 72 65 73 65 74 74 69 ords, or resetti 000780: 6E 67 67 72 6F 75 70 73 20 6F 66 20 62 69 74 73 nggroups of bits 000790: 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 41 63 63 75 6D 75 6C 61 in the Accumula 0007A0: 74 6F 72 2E A3 20 49 6E 20 20 74 68 65 20 4F 52 tor.£ In the OR 0007B0: 20 69 6E 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6F 6E 2C 20 69 66 instruction, if 0007C0: 20 61 20 62 69 74 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 41 63 63 a bit in theAcc 0007D0: 75 6D 75 6C 61 74 6F 72 20 20 4F 52 20 69 6E 20 umulator OR in 0007E0: 74 68 65 20 6F 74 68 65 72 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 the other number 0007F0: 20 69 73 20 61 22 31 22 2C 20 74 68 65 20 63 6F is a"1", the co 000800: 72 72 65 73 70 6F 6E 64 69 6E 67 20 62 69 74 A1 rresponding bit. 000810: E3 20 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 6C 74 77 . in the resultw 000820: 69 6C 6C 20 62 65 20 22 31 22 2E 20 49 66 20 6E ill be "1". 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It can 002880: 20 61 6C 73 6F 20 62 65 73 74 72 75 6E 67 20 74 also bestrung t 002890: 6F 67 65 74 68 65 72 20 74 6F 20 64 69 76 69 64 ogether to divid 0028A0: 65 20 61 6E 79 20 6C 65 6E 67 74 68 20 42 43 44 e any length BCD 0028B0: 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 20 62 79 20 31 30 2E 20 20 number by 10. 0028C0: 54 68 65 20 6C 6F 77 20 64 69 67 69 74 20 6F 66 The low digit of 0028D0: 20 74 68 65 20 74 77 6F 64 69 67 69 74 20 20 64 the twodigit d 0028E0: 65 63 69 6D 61 6C 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 63 61 ecimal number ca 0028F0: 6E 20 62 65 20 69 73 6F 6C 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 n be isolated by 002900: 74 68 69 73 20 69 6E 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6F 6E this instruction 002910: 2E A3 20 53 75 6D 6D 61 72 79 20 2D 20 64 65 63 .£ Summary - dec 002920: 69 6D 61 6C 20 73 68 69 66 74 73 A0 A0 52 4C 44 imal shifts..RLD 002930: 20 20 20 20 52 6F 74 61 74 65 20 4C 65 66 74 20 Rotate Left 002940: 44 65 63 69 6D 61 6C 20 20 28 2A 31 30 29 A0 A0 Decimal (*10).. 002950: 52 BC 00 52 44 20 20 20 20 52 6F 74 61 74 65 20 R..RD Rotate 002960: 52 69 67 68 74 20 44 65 63 69 6D 61 6C 20 28 2F Right Decimal (/ 002970: 31 30 29 A3 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 10)£ EXAMPL 002980: 45 53 20 4F 46 20 44 45 43 49 4D 41 4C 20 52 4F ES OF DECIMAL RO 002990: 54 41 54 49 4F 4E A0 A0 20 54 68 65 73 65 20 20 TATION.. These 0029A0: 20 20 20 65 78 61 6D 70 6C 65 73 20 20 20 20 69 examples i 0029B0: 6C 6C 75 73 74 72 61 74 65 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 llustrate the 0029C0: 6D 75 6C 74 69 70 6C 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 20 multiplication 0029D0: 20 61 6E 64 20 20 20 64 69 76 69 73 69 6F 6E 20 and division 0029E0: 20 6F 66 20 20 42 43 44 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 73 20 of BCDnumbers 0029F0: 62 79 20 74 65 6E 2E A3 20 4C 44 20 48 4C 2C 53 by ten.£ LD HL,S 002A00: 54 4F 52 45 A0 20 20 4C 44 20 41 2C 30 A0 20 20 TORE. LD A,0. 002A10: 52 4C 44 A0 20 20 49 4E 43 20 48 4C A0 20 20 52 RLD. INC HL. R 002A20: 4C 44 A0 20 20 A0 20 20 4C 44 20 41 2C 30 A0 20 LD. . LD A,0. 002A30: 20 52 52 44 A0 20 20 44 45 43 20 48 4C A0 20 20 RRD. DEC HL. 002A40: 52 52 44 A0 20 20 52 45 54 A0 20 20 A0 20 20 A0 RRD. RET. . . 002A50: 20 53 54 00 73 4F 52 45 20 44 45 46 57 20 32 35 ST.sORE DEFW 25 002A60: 34 48 A0 20 20 A0 20 20 A0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4H. . . 002A70: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 49 4E 54 52 4F 44 55 43 54 INTRODUCT 002A80: 49 4F 4E A0 A0 20 54 68 69 73 20 20 67 72 6F 75 ION.. This grou 002A90: 70 20 20 6F 66 20 6C 65 73 73 6F 6E 73 20 77 69 p of lessons wi 002AA0: 6C 6C 20 20 69 6E 74 72 6F 64 75 63 65 74 68 65 ll introducethe 002AB0: 20 69 64 65 61 20 6F 66 20 62 69 74 20 6D 61 6E idea of bit man 002AC0: 69 70 75 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E 20 61 6E 64 20 69 74 ipulation and it 002AD0: 73 20 75 73 65 69 6E 20 20 66 6C 61 67 20 20 6F s usein flag o 002AE0: 70 65 72 61 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 20 61 6E 64 20 20 perations and 002AF0: 69 6E 20 20 70 72 6F 64 75 63 69 6E 67 66 61 73 in producingfas 002B00: 74 65 72 20 6D 65 74 68 6F 64 73 20 6F 66 20 6D ter methods of m 002B10: 75 6C 74 69 70 6C 69 63 61 74 69 6F 6E 2E A0 A0 ultiplication... 002B20: 20 42 75 74 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 20 77 65 20 73 But first we s 002B30: 68 61 6C 6C 20 6C 6F 6F 6B 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 hall look furthe 002B40: 72 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 70 72 6F 63 65 73 73 6F r at theprocesso 002B50: 72 73 20 66 6C 80 34 61 67 73 2E A3 20 20 20 20 rs fl.4ags.£ 002B60: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4C 45 53 53 4F 4E 53 LESSONS 002B70: 20 20 31 38 20 2D 20 32 35 A0 A0 20 31 38 2E 20 18 - 25.. 18. 002B80: 20 50 61 72 69 74 79 A0 20 31 39 2E 20 20 54 68 Parity. 19. Th 002B90: 65 20 66 6C 61 67 20 72 65 67 69 73 74 65 72 20 e flag register 002BA0: 61 6E 64 20 41 46 A0 20 32 30 2E 20 20 53 20 61 and AF. 20. S a 002BB0: 6E 64 20 50 2F 56 20 66 6C 61 67 73 20 69 6E 20 nd P/V flags in 002BC0: 69 6E 73 74 72 75 63 74 69 6F 6E 73 A0 20 20 20 instructions. 002BD0: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 78 20 2D 20 73 Ex - s 002BE0: 69 67 6E 20 61 6E 64 20 70 61 72 69 74 79 20 66 ign and parity f 002BF0: 6C 61 67 73 20 20 32 31 2E 20 20 42 69 74 20 6D lags 21. Bit m 002C00: 61 6E 69 70 75 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E A0 20 20 20 20 anipulation. 002C10: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 78 20 2D 20 62 69 74 20 Ex - bit 002C20: 6D 61 6E 69 70 75 6C 61 74 69 6F 6E A0 20 32 32 manipulation. 22 002C30: 2E 20 20 4C 6F 67 69 63 61 6C 20 69 6E 73 74 72 . 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Decimal r 002D20: 6F 74 61 74 69 6E 67 A0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 otating. 002D30: 20 20 20 45 78 20 2D 20 64 65 63 69 6D 61 6C 20 Ex - decimal 002D40: 72 6F 74 61 74 69 6F 6E A0 20 4C 6F 61 64 20 66 rotation. Load f 002D50: 75 72 74 68 65 72 20 6C 65 1A F9 73 73 6F 6E 73 urther le..ssons 002D60: 20 66 72 6F 6D 20 74 61 70 65 A3 20 20 20 20 20 from tape£ 002D70: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 50 41 52 49 PARI 002D80: 54 59 A0 A0 20 57 68 65 6E 20 64 61 74 61 20 69 TY.. When data i 002D90: 73 20 74 72 61 6E 73 6D 69 74 74 65 64 20 66 72 s transmitted fr 002DA0: 6F 6D 20 6F 6E 65 20 70 6C 61 63 65 74 6F 20 61 om one placeto a 002DB0: 6E 6F 74 68 65 72 2C 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 70 6F nother, it is po 002DC0: 73 73 69 62 6C 65 20 66 6F 72 20 65 72 72 6F 72 ssible for error 002DD0: 73 20 74 6F 61 70 70 65 61 72 20 69 6E 20 74 68 s toappear in th 002DE0: 65 20 72 65 63 65 69 76 65 64 20 64 61 74 61 2E e received data. 002DF0: 20 50 61 72 69 74 79 20 69 73 20 61 73 69 6D 70 Parity is asimp 002E00: 6C 65 20 77 61 79 20 6F 66 20 64 65 74 65 63 74 le way of detect 002E10: 69 6E 67 20 73 69 6E 67 6C 65 20 65 72 72 6F 72 ing single error 002E20: 73 20 69 6E 64 61 74 61 2E 20 20 41 6E 20 61 64 s indata. An ad 002E30: 64 69 74 69 6F 6E 61 6C 20 62 69 74 20 69 73 20 ditional bit is 002E40: 61 64 64 65 64 20 74 6F 20 74 68 65 64 61 74 61 added to thedata 002E50: 20 74 68 61 74 20 6D 61 6B 65 73 49 F9 20 74 68 that makesI. th 002E60: 65 20 74 6F 74 61 6C 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 6F e total number o 002E70: 66 20 22 31 22 73 69 6E 20 74 68 65 20 20 77 6F f "1"sin the wo 002E80: 72 64 20 20 61 6E 20 20 65 76 65 6E 20 20 6E 75 rd an even nu 002E90: 6D 62 65 72 2E 20 20 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 72 65 mber. If there 002EA0: 63 65 69 76 65 64 20 20 77 6F 72 64 20 20 64 6F ceived word do 002EB0: 65 73 20 20 6E 6F 74 20 20 68 61 76 65 20 20 61 es not have a 002EC0: 6E 20 65 76 65 6E 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 20 20 6F 66 n evennumber of 002ED0: 20 22 31 22 73 20 69 6E 20 69 74 2C 20 74 68 65 "1"s in it, the 002EE0: 6E 20 61 6E 20 65 72 72 6F 72 20 68 61 73 6F 63 n an error hasoc 002EF0: 63 75 72 72 65 64 2E 20 20 20 49 6E 20 20 61 64 curred. 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If the 0036A0: 20 63 6F 6E 64 69 74 69 6F 6E 20 69 73 20 6E 6F condition is no 0036B0: 74 20 6D 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 70 72 6F 67 72 61 t met the progra 0036C0: 6D 77 69 6C 6C 20 20 6E 6F 74 20 20 6A 75 6D 70 mwill not jump 0036D0: 2C 20 20 63 61 6C 6C 20 61 20 20 73 75 62 72 6F , call a subro 0036E0: 75 74 69 6E 65 2C 20 6F 72 72 65 74 75 72 6E 2E utine, orreturn. 0036F0: A3 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 45 58 41 4D 50 4C 45 £ EXAMPLE 003700: 20 4F 46 20 4A 55 4D 50 20 4F 4E 20 53 49 47 4E OF JUMP ON SIGN 003710: A0 A0 20 54 68 69 73 20 20 65 78 61 6D 70 6C 65 .. This example 003720: 20 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 69 6D 70 6C 65 20 20 70 is a simple p 003730: 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 20 20 74 6F 69 6C 6C 75 73 74 rogram toillust 003740: 72 61 74 65 20 20 4A 50 20 50 2C 6E 6E 20 2C 20 rate JP P,nn , 003750: 61 6E 64 20 4A 50 20 4D 2C 6E 6E 3B 20 20 6A 75 and JP M,nn; ju 003760: 6D 70 69 66 20 70 6F 73 69 74 69 76 65 68 3B 20 mpif positiveh; 003770: 61 6E 64 20 6A 75 6D 70 20 69 66 20 6D 69 6E 75 and jump if minu 003780: 73 2E 20 4E 6F 74 65 20 74 68 61 74 74 68 65 20 s. 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Al 005250: 74 68 6F 75 67 68 20 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 20 65 though these e 005260: 78 61 6D 70 6C 65 73 20 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 20 xamples appear 005270: 74 6F 20 62 65 61 6C 6C 20 70 6F 73 69 74 69 76 to beall positiv 005280: 65 2C 20 74 68 65 79 20 63 61 6E 20 62 65 20 76 e, they can be v 005290: 69 65 77 65 64 20 65 71 75 61 6C 6C 79 61 73 20 iewed equallyas 0052A0: 20 6E 65 65 25 67 61 74 69 76 65 20 20 77 68 65 nee%gative whe 0052B0: 72 65 20 61 70 70 72 6F 70 72 69 61 74 65 20 61 re appropriate a 0052C0: 6E 64 20 20 74 68 65 53 69 67 6E 20 20 20 61 6E nd theSign an 0052D0: 64 20 20 20 6F 76 65 72 66 6C 6F 77 20 20 20 66 d overflow f 0052E0: 6C 61 67 73 20 20 20 6F 62 73 65 72 76 65 64 6F lags observedo 0052F0: 70 65 72 61 74 69 6E 67 2E A0 A0 20 52 65 6D 65 perating... Reme 005300: 6D 62 65 72 20 20 61 20 20 20 6E 75 6D 62 65 72 mber a number 005310: 20 20 20 61 62 6F 76 65 20 20 20 31 32 38 20 20 above 128 005320: 20 69 73 6E 65 67 61 74 69 76 65 2E 20 53 69 6E isnegative. 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