Firmware Guide (UK) (Disk 2 face 2) (19xx) [UTILITAIRE].dsk
HexaDumpAscii only
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02CE00: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02D090: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02D200: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02D300: 54 72 61 63 6B 2D 49 6E 66 6F 0D 0A 00 01 00 00 Track-Info......
02D310: 26 00 00 00 02 09 50 E5 26 00 C1 02 00 00 00 02 &.....P.&.......
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02D390: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
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02D600: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D610: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D620: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D630: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D640: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D650: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D660: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D670: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D680: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D690: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02D6A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02D700: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02E740: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E750: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E760: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E770: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E780: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E790: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E7A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E7B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E7C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E7D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E7E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E7F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E800: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E810: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E820: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E830: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E840: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E850: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E860: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E870: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E880: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E890: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E8A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E8B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E8C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E8D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E8E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E8F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E900: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E910: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E920: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E930: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E940: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E950: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E960: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E970: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E980: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E990: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E9A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E9B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E9C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E9D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E9E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02E9F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA00: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA10: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA20: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA30: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA40: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA50: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA60: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA70: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA80: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EA90: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EAA0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EAB0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EAC0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EAD0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EAE0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EAF0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB00: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB10: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB20: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB30: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB40: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB50: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB60: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB70: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB80: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EB90: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EBA0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EBB0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EBC0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EBD0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EBE0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EBF0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC00: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC10: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC20: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC30: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC40: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC50: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC60: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC70: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC80: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EC90: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ECA0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ECB0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ECC0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ECD0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ECE0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ECF0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED00: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED10: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED20: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED30: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED40: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED50: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED60: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED70: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED80: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02ED90: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EDA0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EDB0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EDC0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EDD0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EDE0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EDF0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE00: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE10: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE20: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE30: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE40: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE50: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE60: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE70: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE80: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EE90: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EEA0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EEB0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EEC0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EED0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EEE0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EEF0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF00: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF10: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF20: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF30: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF40: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF50: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF60: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF70: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF80: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EF90: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EFA0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EFB0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EFC0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EFD0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EFE0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02EFF0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F000: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F010: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F020: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F030: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F040: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F050: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F060: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F070: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F080: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F090: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F0A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F0B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F0C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F0D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F0E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F0F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F100: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F110: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F120: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F130: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F140: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F150: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F160: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F170: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02F190: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F1A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F1B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F1C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F1D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F1E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F1F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F200: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02F270: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F280: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F290: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F2A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F2B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F2C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F2D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F2E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02F300: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02F320: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
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02F390: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F3A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F3B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F3C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F3D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F3E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F3F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F400: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F410: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F420: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F430: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F440: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F450: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F460: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F470: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F480: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F490: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F4A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F4B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F4C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F4D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F4E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F4F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F500: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F510: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F520: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F530: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F540: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F550: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F560: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F570: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F580: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F590: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F5A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F5B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F5C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F5D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F5E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F5F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F600: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F610: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F620: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F630: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F640: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F650: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F660: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F670: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F680: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F690: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F6A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F6B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F6C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F6D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F6E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F6F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F700: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F710: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F720: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F730: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F740: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F750: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F760: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F770: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F780: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F790: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F7A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F7B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F7C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F7D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F7E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F7F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F800: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F810: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F820: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F830: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F840: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F850: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F860: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F870: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F880: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F890: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F8A0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F8B0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F8C0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F8D0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F8E0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
02F8F0: E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 E5 ................
RESULT OF SEARCH :
PRO=166 CHEA=0 COD=40 MUSI=0 COP=5 GRA=202 WRIT=85 198=2 199=2 STARTER=0 KBI=0 CAAV=0 L.TOURNIER=0
PRO=166 CHEA=0 COD=40 MUSI=0 COP=5 GRA=202 WRIT=85 198=2 199=2 STARTER=0 KBI=0 CAAV=0 L.TOURNIER=0
EXTENDED CPC DSK File SAMdisk120417( PCHAP-15 15q CHAP-15 16 CHAP-15 16!CHA
P-15 17"#$%&'()*+,-./01CHAP-15 172CHAP-15 183456789ABCHAP-15 19CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRC
HAP-15 19SCHAP-15 20TUVWXYZabcCHAP-15 20dCHAP-15 21efghijklmnopqrstCHAP-15 21uCH
AP-15 22vwxyzCHAP-16 1 CHAP-16 1 CHAP-16 2 BCHAP-17 £CHAP-17
The prompt messages are turned on (see CAS NOISY) by this routine.
When cataloguing the Cassette Manager reads the header record, prints
information from it and then reads the data record. This cycle repeats
until the user hits the escape key. The information printed is as
follows FILENAME block N T Ok FILENAME is the n
ame of the file on the tape, or 'Unnamed file' if the filename starts wi
th a null (character #00). N is the block. Block 1 is normally the f
irst block in a file. T is a representation of the file type of the
file. It is formed by adding #24 (the character '$') to the file type
byte masked with #0F (to remove the version number field). The stan
dard file types are thus $ a BASIC progr
am file % a protected BASIC program file
* an ASCII text file (default file type) & a
binary file. ' a protected binary file Oth
er file types are possible but will not have been written by the BASI
C in the on-board ROM. See section 8.4 for a description of the file
type byte. Ok is printed after the end of the data record. This sho
ws that the data was read without errors and also serves to indicate
the end of the data on tape (to help avoid over-recording a tape file)
. Related entries CAS CATALOG (DISC) CAS NOISY
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.160 137 CAS CATALOG (DISC)
#BC9B Display the disc directory A
ction Display the disc directory for the current drive and current use
r. The directory is sorted into alphabetical order and displayed in a
s many columns as will fit in the current text window (stream#0). The s
ize in Kbytes is shown along side each file. The total amount of free
space on the disc is also shown. Entry conditions DE
contains the address of a 2K buffer to use. Exit conditions
If the cataloging went OK Carry true. Zero
false. A corrupt. If failed for any reason
Carry false. Zero true. P A contains
an error number. Always BC,DE,HL,IX and other flag
s corrupt. All registers preserved. NOTES F
iles marked SYS are not shown. Files marked R/O are shown with a '*'
after the filename. Unlike the cassette version of this routine, th
e disc input stream is not required. (Note BASIC abandons both the inpu
t and output streams when generating the catalogue.) Rela
ted entries CAS CATALOG DIR AMSTRAD CPC464/6
64/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.161 138 C
AS WRITE #BC9E Write
a record to tape. Action. Write a record to the cassette. T
his routine is used by the higher level routines (CAS OUT CHAR, CAS
OUT DIRECT and CAS OUT CLOSE) to write the header and data records t
hat make up a tape file. Entry conditions HL contains the ad
dress of the data to write. DE contains the length of the data to write.
A contains the sync character to write at the end of the leader.
Exit conditions If the record was written OK Ca
rry true. A corrupt. If an error occurred or the user
hit escape Carry false. A contains an error
code. Always BC, DE, HL, IX corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes A data length of
0 passed to this routine is taken to mean 65536 bytes and all of the mem
ory will be written to tape. (This is unlikely to be useful).
The data to be written may lie anywhere in RAM, even underneath a ROM.
The sync character is used to distinguish header records (sync is #2C)
from data records (sync is #16). Other sync characters could be used
but the resulting record would require special action to be taken to
read it. The error codes returned by this routine are
0 Break The user hit the escape key. 1 Ov
errun The Cassette Manager was unable to get
back to writing a bit fast enough. AMSTRAD CPC464/66
4/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.162 Becaus
e reading and writing the tape requires stringent timing conside
rations interrupts are disabled whilst the tape is being written
(potentially a period of over 5 minutes). It would be unpleasan
t to have the sound chip making a noise for all this time so the Sound
Manager is shut down (SOUND RESET). When writing to the tape has finishe
d interrupts are re-enabled. The cassette motor is started by this
routine (in case it is not already on) and restored to its pr
evious state when writing is completed. Related entr
ies CAS CHECK CAS READ
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.163 139 CAS READ
#BCA1 Read a record from tap
e. Action Read a whole record from the cassette. This routin
e is used by the higher level routines (CAS IN CHAR, CAS IN DIRECT
and CAS CATALOG amongst others) to read the header and data records
that make up a file. Entry conditions HL contain
s the address to put the data read. DE contains the length of the data t
o read. A contains the sync character expected at the end of the leader.
Exit conditions If record was read OK Ca
rry true. A corrupt. If an error occurred or the user
hit escape Carry false. A contains an error
code. Always BC, DE, HL, IX and other flags corr
upt. All other registers preserved. Notes
A data length of 0 passed to this routine is taken to mean 65536
bytes. (This is not useful). It is not necessary to read a whole r
ecord from tape. If the length passed is less than the actual length
of th Pe record then only the number of bytes will be read. Trying
to read more bytes from a record than were written will produce an err
or, usually an overflow error (see below). The sync char
acter is used to distinguish header records (sync is #2C) from data reco
rds (sync is #16). Other sync characters could be used if the record w
as written that way. AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.164 The error codes returned by
this routine are 0 Break The user hit the escap
e key. 1 Overflow The Cassette Manager found a bit
that was too long to read.
2 CRC A CRC failure was detected. The cassette m
otor is started by this routine (in case it is not already on) and
restored to its previous state when reading is completed.
Because reading the tape requires stringent timing constraints,
interrupts are disabled whilst the tape is being read (potentially a
period of over 5 minutes). It would be unpleasant to have the sound
chip making a noise for all this time so the Sound Manager is shut
down (SOUND RESET). When reading from the tape has finished interrupts
are re-enabled. Related entries CAS CHECK
CAS WRITE AMSTRAD CP
C464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.165
140 CAS CHECK #BCA4
Compare a record on tape with the contents of store. Action
Check that a tape record contains a correct version of the data
supplied. This routine is intended to be used after writing records to c
heck that they were written correctly. Entry conditions HL c
ontains the address of the data to check. DE contains the length of the
data to check. A contains the sync character expected at the end of the
leader. Exit conditions If the record checked OK
Carry true. A corrupt. If an error occurred
or the user hit escape Carry false. A conta
ins an error code. Always BC, DE, HL, IX and ot
her flags corrupt. All other registers preserved. Not
es A data length of 0 passed to this routine is taken to mean
65536 bytes. (This is bound to produce a check failure). It
is not necessary to check the whole of a record on tape. If the leng
th passed is less than the actual length of the record then only the n
umber of bytes will be checked. Trying to check more bytes in a record
than were written will produce an error of some sort (see below).
The data to be checked may lie anywhere in RAM, even underneath a R
OM. The sync character is used to distinguish header records (sync i
s #2C) from data records (sync is #16). Other sync characters could be u
sed. AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.166 The error codes returned by this routine are
0 Break The user hit the escape key.
1 Overrun The Cassette Manager found a bit that was
too long to read. 2 CRC
A CRC failure was detected. 3 Different The d
ata read from tape did not agree with t
hat in memory. The cassette motor is started by this routine (in
case it is not already on) and restored to its previous state wh
en checking is completed. Because reading the tape req
uires stringent timing constraints, interrupts are disabled whilst th
e tape is being checked (potentially a period of over 5 minutes). It wo
uld be unpleasant to have the sound chip making a noise for all this ti
me so the Sound Manager is shut down (SOUND RESET). When checkin
g has finished interrupts are re-enabled. Related e
ntries CAS READ CAS WRITE P
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.167 141 SOUND RESET
#BCA7 Reset the Sound Manager. Action
Re-initialize the Sound Manager - shut the sound chip up and clear all
queues. Entry conditions No conditions.
Exit conditions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other
registers preserved. Notes The sound queues are cleared.
Any current sound is stopped. The sound generator chip is silen
ced. This routine enables interrupts. Related entrie
s SOUND HOLD AMSTRAD CPC464/66
4/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.168 142 SO
UND QUEUE #BCAA Add a
sound to a sound queue. Action Try to add a sound to the sou
nd queue of one or more channels. If the sound queue of any of the chan
nels is full then no sound will be issued to any channel.
Entry conditions HL contains the address of a sound program which
must lie in the central 32K of RAM. Exit conditions
If the sound was added to the queue(s) Carry true.
HL corrupt. If at least one queue was full
Carry false. HL preserved. Always
A, BC, DE, IX and other flags corrupt. All other registers p
reserved. Notes The sound program is laid out as follows
Byte 0 Channels to use and rendezvous requirements.
Byte 1 Amplitude envelope to use. Byte 2
Tone envelope to use. Bytes 3..4 Tone period.
Byte 5 Noise period. Byte 6 Initial ampl
itude. Bytes 7..8 Duration or envelope repeat count.
All values in the sound program are masked into the appropriate range
before being used. The channels to issue the sound on are encoded in
to byte 0 as follows Bit 0 Issue on channel A.
Bit 1 Issue on channel B. Bit 2 Issue on channel C.
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.169 ge 15.170 Bit 3 Rendezvous with channetion or envel
ope repeat count. All values in the sound program are masked into the
appropriate range before being used. The channels to issue th
e sound on are encoded into byte 0 as follows Bit 0 Issue
on channel A. Bit 1 Issue on channel B. Bit
2 Issue on channel C. A The rendezvous
requirements are encoded into byte 0 as follows Bit 3 Rende
zvous with channel A. Bit 4 Rendezvous with channel B.
Bit 5 Rendezvous with channel C. Bit 6 Hold u
ntil released. Bit 7 Flush queue. A channel will ign
ore an order to rendezvous with itself. Sounds issued on multiple
channels implicitly rendezvous with each other. Sounds that are orde
red to rendezvous will be issued to the sound generator starting at
the same time. Setting the hold bit prevents the sound from runnin
g until it is released by calling SOUND RELEASE (or a routine hav
ing a similar effect). Setting the flush bit will empty the queue and
abandon any currently active sound thus allowing the new sound
to start immediately. The amplitude envelope is in the ra
nge 0..15. Envelopes 1..1 P5 are the amplitude envelopes that can b
e set using SOUND AMPL ENVELOPE. Envelope 0 means use no amplitude
envelope, simply hold the initial amplitude for 2 seconds or the dura
tion specified. The tone envelope is in the range 0..15. Envelopes 1..
15 are the tone envelopes that can be set using SOUND TONE ENVELOPE. En
velope 0 means use no tone envelope, simply hold the initial tone.
A tone period of 0 means do not generate any tone. Tone periods in the
range 1..4095 specify the period of the tone in 8 microsecond units.
The noise period is in the range 0..31. Noise periods 1..31 specify
the period of the noise component of a sound. A noise period of 0
means use no noise. The initial amplitude is in the range 0..15. A
mplitude 0 being no initial sound, amplitude 15 being the maximum vol
ume. Bytes 7 and 8 store the sound time. If this is zero then the ampl
itude envelope is obeyed once. If the sound time is negative then
the amplitude envelope is obeyed minus the sound time number of ti
mes (i.e. 1..32768 times). If the sound time is positive but not zero th
en it is taken to be the duration of the sound in 1/100s of a second.
If a duration is specified when an amplitude envelope is in use then
the duration given sets the length of the sound. If the duration is
longer than the envelope then the final amplitude of the envelope is
sustained until the duration expires. Tone envelopes are treated in
much the same way as amplitude envelopes except that they never
specify the length of the sound. The sound event that is run when a sou
nd queue has a free slot is disarmed on the channels specified in t
his command. All sounds currently held by SOUND HOLD are automaticall
y released when this routine is called. Also, the sound queue event is
disarmed (see SOUND ARM EVENT). SOUND QUEUE may enable interru
pts. Related entries SOUND ARM EVENT SOUND CHECK
SOUND RELEASE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.170 143 SOUND CHECK
#BCAD Ask if there is space in a sound queue.
Action Ask the state of a sound channel. The status includes
the number of free spaces in the sound queue and whether the channel i
s held. Entry conditions A contains the bit for the channel
to test. Exit conditions A contains the channel status.
BC, DE, HL and flags corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes The channel to ask the status of is encoded as follows
Bit 0 Ask about channel A. Bit 1 Ask about
channel B. Bit 2 Ask about channel C. If more tha
n one bit is set then the status of only one channel is returned. Th
e channels are tested in the order given above. The status returned is
encoded as follows Bits 0..2 Contain the number of free slots
in the channel's sound queue. Bit 3
The channel is awaiting a rendezvous with channel A. Bit 4
The channel is awaiting a rendezvous with channel B. Bit 5 T
he channel is awaiting a rendezvous with channel C. Bit 6 The
channel is held. Bit 7 The channel is active (producing a so
und). Calling this routine disarms the sound queue event that occu
rs when the queue has a free slot for the channel returned (see SOU
ND ARM EVENT). This routine may enable interrupts.
Related entries SOUND ARM EVENT SOUND QUEUE
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.171
144 SOUND ARM EVENT #
BCB0 Set up an event to be run when a sound queue becomes empty.
Action Arm the sound event to be run when a free slot occurs in
a channel's sound queue. Entry conditions A conta
ins the bit for the channel to arm. HL contains the address of an event
block. Exit conditions AF, BC, DE Pand HL corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The channel for which
to arm the event is encoded as follows Bit 0 Arm channel A
. Bit 1 Arm channel B. Bit 2 Arm channel
C. If more than one bit is set then only one channel is armed
. The channels are armed in the order given above. The event
block passed must be initialized (by KL INIT EVENT). The event will
be 'kicked' when a free slot occurs in the queue. If there is a free
slot in the queue when this routine is called then the event will be 'ki
cked' immediately. The sound event is disarmed automatically when SO
UND QUEUE or SOUND CHECK is called. It is also disarmed when the even
t is run. Thus, the event routine will need to rearm the sound vent to
keep it running continuously. This routine may enable in
terrupts. Related entries KL INIT EVENT SOUND CH
ECK SOUND QUEUE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.172 145 SOUND RELEASE
#BCB3 Allow sounds which are indi
vidually held to start. Action Release held sounds on a
number of channels. This allows sounds that were marked with a hold bi
t when they were set up by SOUND QUEUE to start (other factors willin
g). Entry conditions A contains bits for the channels to
release. Exit conditions AF, BC, DE, HL and IX corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The channe
ls to release are encoded as follows Bit 0 Release chann
el A. Bit 1 Release channel B. Bit 2 Rel
ease channel C. All channels that are specified are released.
All sounds currently held by SOUND HOLD are automatically released.
This routine may enable interrupts. Related entries
SOUND QUEUE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.173 146 SOUND HOLD
#BCB6 Stop all sounds in midflight.
Action This stops all sounds immediately. The sounds can be s
tarted again by calling SOUND CONTINUE. Entry conditions
No conditions. Exit conditions If a sound was active
Carry true. If no sound was active
Carry false. Always A, BC, HL and other
flags corrupt. All other registers preserved. Note
s Sounds that are held by this routine are automatically restarted
when SOUND QUEUE or SOUND RELEASE are called as well as when SOUND CONTI
NUE itself is called. The sound is stopped by halting the e
xecution of sound and tone envelopes and setting the sound chip volu
me to zero for all channels. When the sound is restarted it will contin
ue from as near where it was stopped as is possible. This ro
utine enables interrupts. Related entries SOUND CONTINUE
SOUND RESET AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.174 147 SOUND CONTINUE
#BCB9 Restart sounds after they have
all been held. Action Allows sounds that have been held
by calling SOUND HOLD to continue. Entry conditions No
conditions. Exit conditions AF, BC, DE and IX corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes If no sounds
are held then no action is taken. This routine may enable interrupt
s. Related entries SOUND HOLD SOUND RELEASE
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.175 148 SOUND AMPL ENVELOPE
#BCBC Set up an amplitude envel
ope. Action Set up one of the 15 user programmable amplitude
(volume) envelopes. Entry conditions A contains an P envel
ope number. HL contains the address of an amplitude data block.
Exit conditions If envelope has been set OK Carry
true. HL contains the address of the data block + 16.
A and BC corrupt. If the envelope number is invalid
Carry false. A, B and HL preserved. Always
DE and other flags corrupt. All other regist
ers preserved. Notes The envelope to set up is specified by
a number in the range 1..15. N envelope is set up if a number outside t
his range is passed. The amplitude data block is copied into the ampl
itude envelope. The data block may lie in ROM or in RAM. It may not
lie in RAM hidden underneath a ROM. The amplitude data bloc
k has the following layout Byte 0 Count of sect
ions in the envelope. Bytes 1..3 First section of the e
nvelope. Bytes 4..6 Second section of the envelope.
Bytes 7..9 Third section of the envelope.
Bytes 10..12 Fourth section of the envelope. Bytes 13..1
5 Fifth section of the envelope. The first byte of the amplitu
de data block specifies the number of sections used in the envelope.
Sections not used need not be set up. An envelope using no sections h
as a special meaning - hold a constant volume lasting for 2 seconds.
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15
.176 The number of sections to use is not checked, if a numb
er outside the range 0..5 is supplied then this will have unpredictable
effects. This should be avoided. Each section of the amplitud
e data block can specify either a hardware or a software envelope. This
is indicated by the first byte of the section. A software
envelope section is laid out as follows Byte 0 Step count.
Byte 1 Step size. Byte 2 Pause time.
The fact that this is a software envelope section rather than a
hardware envelope section is indicated by byte 0 not having bit 7 set.
If the step count is in the range 1..27 then the step size is added to
the volume that number of times with a wait equal to the pause time in
1/100s of a second after each addition. If the step count is zero t
he step size is taken to be an absolute volume setting. A single wai
t of the pause time in 1/100s of a second is made. After ca
lculating the new volume this is marked with #0F to make sure it is leg
al. Thus, all arithmetic on the volume is carried out modulo 16.
A pause time of 0 is taken to mean 256 1/100s of a second. A hardw
are envelope section is laid out as follows Byte 0 Enve
lope shape. Byte 1..2 Envelope period. The fact th
at this is a hardware envelope section rather than a software env
elope section is indicated by byte 0 having bit 7 set. The envelope sh
ape (masked with #7F) is sent to register 13 of the sound generator.
This set the shape of the hardware envelope and whether it repeat
s (see Appendix IX for details). The envelope period is sent to regis
ters 11 and 12 of the sound generator. These set the length of the
hardware envelope (see Appendix IX for details). The section
after a hardware section should be a pause long enough to allow the har
dware envelope to operate. A pause can be constructed using a softwa
re envelope with a step size of 0 and with the repeat count and pause
time juggling to give the right total time. There is no protection ag
ainst changing an envelope whilst it is in use. This could have unpre
dictable effects and should be avoided. AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128
FIRMWARE page 15.177 The length of
the sound can either be determined by the duration supplied when
the sound is queued or by the envelope terminating (see SOUND QUEUE). I
f a duration is set that is shorter than the envelope then the envelop
e is truncated. If the Pduration is longer than the envelope then
the final volume is sustained until the duration expires.
Related entries SOUND A ADDRESS SOUND TONE ENVELOP
E
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE pag
e 15.178 149 SOUND TONE ENVELOPE
#BCBF Set up a tone envelope. Action
Set up one of the 15 user programmable tone envelopes. Entry condition
s A contains an envelope number. HL contains the address of a
tone data block. Exit conditions If the envelope has bee
n set up OK Carry true. HL contains the addr
ess of the data block + 16. A and BC corrupt. If the
envelope number is invalid Carry false. A, B
C and HL preserved. Always DE and other flags cor
rupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
The envelope to set up is specified by a number in the range 1..15. No
envelope is set up if a number outside this range is passed. The
tone data block is copied into the tone envelope. The data block may l
ie in ROM or in RAM. It may not lie in RAM underneath a ROM. The ton
e data block has the following layout Byte 0 Co
unt of sections in the envelope. Bytes 1..3 First secti
on of the envelope. Bytes 4..6 Second section of the en
velope. Bytes 7..9 Third section of the envelope.
Bytes 10..12 Fourth section of the envelope.
Bytes 13..15 Fifth section of the envelope. AMSTRAD CPC464
/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.179 The
first byte of the tone data block (masked with #7F) specifies the numb
er of sections used in the envelope. Sections not used need not be set u
p. An envelope using no sections will not alter the tone (i.e. no envelo
ping). The number of sections to use is not checked, if a number outside
the range 0..5 is supplied then this will have unpredictable effects.
This should be avoided. The top bit, bit 7, of the count is used t
o indicate a repeating envelope. If this bit is set then when the
last section of the envelope finishes the first will be used again.
Each section of the tone data block is laid out as follows
Byte 0 Step count. Byte 1 Step size.
Byte 2 Pause time. If the step count lies in the range #00..#EF
then the section is a relative section. The step size is sign extend
ed (bit 7 is copied to bits 8..15) and is added to the current tone
period the number of times specified by the step count. After each ad
dition a wait of the pause time in 1/100s of a second is made. The sou
nd chip only uses the lower 12 bits of the tone period so all arithm
etic is carried out modulo #1000. A step count of 0 is ta
ken to mean 1 step whilst a pause time of 0 is taken to mean 256 1/100s
of a second. If the step count lies in the range #F0..#FF then the
section is an absolute section. The least significant four bits of t
he step count are taken to be the most significant byte of the tone pe
riod and the step size is taken to be the least significant byte. This
tone period is set immediately and is followed by a pause whose length
is set by the pause time in 1/100s of a second. There is
no protection against changing an envelope whilst it is in use. This
could have unpredictab Ple effects and should be avoided. If the to
ne envelope finishes before the end of the sound (as set when the sound
was queued) then the final tone is held. i.e. The tone envelope do
es not affect the length of the sound. Related entries
SOUND AMPL ENVELOPE SOUND T ADDRESS AMSTRAD CPC464/66
4/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.180 150 SO
UND A ADDRESS #BCC2 Get
the address of an amplitude envelope. Action Ask where t
he data area for an amplitude envelope is stored. Entry conditions
A contains an envelope number. Exit conditions
If the envelope was found OK Carry true.
HL contains the address of the amplitude envelope. BC contains
the length of an envelope (16 bytes). If the envelope number was in
valid Carry false. HL corrupt.
BC preserved. Always A and other flags co
rrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
The envelope is laid out as described in SOUND AMPL ENVELOPE.
Related entries SOUND AMPL ENVELOPE SOUND T ADDRESS
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.181
151 SOUND T ADDRESS
#BCC5 Get the address of a tone envelope. Action
Ask where the data area for the tone envelope is stored. Entr
y conditions A contains an envelope number. Exit conditi
ons If the envelope was found OK Carry true.
HL contains the address of the tone envelope.
BC contains the length of an envelope (16 bytes). If the envelope
number was invalid Carry false. HL corrupt
. BC preserved. Always A and oth
er flags corrupt. All other registers preserved. No
tes The envelope number must lie in the range 1..15. The ton
e envelope is laid out as described in SOUND TONE ENVELOPE. Related en
tries SOUND A ADDRESS SOUND TONE ENVELOPE AMST
RAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.182
152 KL CHOKE OFF #BCC8
Reset the Kernel - clears all event queues etc. Action
This entry completely clears all event queues, the various timer and
frame flyback lists and so on. The effect is to dispose of any pending
synchronous events and to halt all timer related functions other than s
ound generation and keyboard scanning. Entry conditions No c
onditions. Exit conditions B contains the ROM select address
of the current foreground ROM (if any). DE contains the ad
dress at which the current foreground ROM was entered.
C contains the ROM select address for a RAM foreground program. AF and
HL corrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
If the current foreground program is in RAM then the ROM select
address and entry point returned are both zero. i.e. The default ROM
(ROM 0) at its entry address. KL CHOKE OFF forms part of the close d
own required before a new RAM foreground program is loaded, as is req
uired by MC BOOT PROGRAM. The close down must ensure that there are no
interrupt or other events active and using memory which might be dam
aged by loading a new program into memory. In the complete close dow
n MC BOOT PROGRAM does SOUND RESET to kill off sound
generation an OUT to I/O port #F8FF to reset any external interrup
t sources. KL CHOKE OFF to kill off events etc.
KM RESET to reset any keyboard indirections and
the break event. TXT RESET
to reset any Text VDU indirections. SCR RESET
to reset any screen indirections. P AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FI
RMWARE page 15.183 The values retu
rned by KL CHOKE OFF are used by MC BOOT PROGRAM if the program load fai
ls. This information is included for the reader's interest.
MC BOOT PROGRAM is the recommended means of loading and entering
a RAM foreground program. MC START PROGRAM is the recommended mea
ns of entering a ROM foreground program, or a RAM foreground program
which has already been loaded. KL CHOKE OFF disables inter
rupts. Related entries MC BOOT PROGRAM MC
START PROGRAM
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.1
84 153 KL ROM WALK
#BCCB Find and initialize all background ROMs. Action
Background ROMs provide support for expansion hardware or augment th
e software facilities of the machine. If the facilities provided by the
background ROMs are to be available, the foreground program must
initialize them. This routine finds and initializes all background
ROMs. Entry conditions DE contains address of the fi
rst usable byte of memory (lowest address). HL contains add
ress of the last usable bytes of memory (highest address).
Exit conditions DE contains the address of the new first usable byte
of memory. HL contains the address of the new last usable byte of memor
y. AF and BC corrupt. All other registers preserved. N
otes When a foreground ROM program is entered it is passed the address
es of the first and last bytes in memory which it may use. The are out
side this is used to store firmware variables, the stack, the jumpblo
cks and the screen memory. From the area available for the foregrou
nd program to use, the areas for background programs to use must b
e allocated. The foreground program should initialize backgrou
nd ROMs at an early stage, before it uses the memory it is given. It m
ay choose whether to enable background ROMs or not. KL INIT BACK may be
used to initialize a particular background ROM or this routine may be u
sed to initialize all available background ROMs. KL ROM WALK
inspects the ROMs at ROM select addresses in the range 1.. 7 in V1.0
firmware and 0..15 in V1.1 firmware. The power-up initialization
entry of each background ROM found is called (unless it is the current
foreground ROM in V1.1 firmware). This entry may allocate some me
mory for the background ROM's to use by adjusting the values in DE a
nd HL before returning. Once the ROM has been initialized the Ke
rnel adds it to the list of external command servers, and notes
the base of the area which the ROM has allocated at the top of memory (i
f any). Subsequent FAR CALLs to entries in the ROM will automatically se
t the IY index register to point at the ROMs upper memory area.
See section 10.4 for a full description of background ROMs. Rel
ated entries KL FIND COMMAND KL INIT BACK KL LOG EXT
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.185
154 KL INIT BACK
#BCCE Initialize a particular background ROM. Action
Background ROMs provide support for expansion hardware or augment the
software facilities of the machine. If the facilities provided by the
background ROMs are to be available the foreground program must
initialize them. This routine selects and initializes a particular
background ROM. Entry conditions C contains the ROM selec
t address of the ROM to initialize. DE contains address of the first
usable byte of memory (lowest address). HL contains address
of the last usable byte of memory (highest address).
Exit conditions DE contains the address of the new first usable byte
of memory. HL contains the address of the new last usable byte of memor
y. P AF and B corrupt. All other registers preserve
d. Notes The ROM select address must be in the range 1..7 in
V1.0 and 0..15 in V1.1 firmware and the ROM at this address must be a
background ROM or the request will be ignored. In V1.1 firmware the
request will be ignored if the ROM is the current foreground ROM.
When the foreground program is entered it is passed the addresses of
the first and last bytes in memory which it may use. The area of
memory outside this is used to store firmware variables, the stack,
the jumpblocks and the screen memory. From the area available for the
foreground program to use, the areas for background programs to use
must be allocated. The foreground program should initialize backgroun
d ROMs at an early stage, before it uses the memory it is given. It ma
y choose whether to enable background ROMs or not. KL ROM WALK may be us
ed to initialize all available ROMs or this routine may be use
d to initialize particular ROMs. This routine causes the bac
kground ROM's power-up initialization entry to be called. This entry may
allocate some memory for the background ROM's use by adjusting the va
lues in DE and HL before returning. Once the ROM has been initialized
the Kernel adds it to the list of external command servers, and n
otes the base of the area which the ROM has allocated to itself at the t
op of memory (if any). Subsequent FAR CALLs to entries in the ROM wil
l automatically set the IY index register to point at the ROM's upp
er memory area. AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.186 See section 10.4 for a full description o
f background ROMs. Related entries KL FIND COMMAND
KL LOG EXT KL ROM WALK
AMSTRAD CPC464/664
/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.187 155 KL
LOG EXT #BCD1 Intro
duce an RSX to the firmware. Action RSXs (Resident Syste
m Extensions) are similar to background ROMs, but are loaded into RAM.
This routine must be called to include the RSX on the Kernel's list of e
xternal command servers. Entry conditions BC contains th
e address of the RSX's command table. HL contained the address of a 4 by
te area of RAM for the Kernel's use. Exit conditions DE
corrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes Bo
th the RSX's command table and the Kernel's storage area must lie in the
central 32K of memory, i.e. not under a ROM. The format of command
table is described in section 10.2 and RSXs are discussed in section 10
.5. Related entries KL FIND COMMAND KL INIT BA
CK AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.188 156 KL FIND COMMAND
#BCD4 Search for an RSX, backgroun
d ROM or foreground ROM to process a command. Action
All expansion ROMs and RSXs have command tables of the same form. This
routine searches all RSXs and background ROMs on the Kernel's list of
external command servers looking for a match for the given command
name. If the name is found, then the 'far address' of the associated
routine is returned. If the command is not a background or RSX command
then all the foreground ROMs that can be found are searched for a
foreground program with the given name. If a foreground program is
found then the system immediately enters it. Entry conditions
HL contains the address of the command name to search for. Exit co
nditions If an RSX or background ROM command was found
Carry true. C contains the ROM select address.
HL contains the address of the routine. If the command was no
t found Carry false. C and HL corrupt.
Always A, B and DE corrupt. P All
other registers preserved. Notes The command name passed
must be in RAM but may lie underneath a ROM. The name may be any numb
er of characters long but only the first 16 characters are significan
t. All alphabetic characters in the name should be in upper case an
d the last character of the name should have bit 7 set. The
ROM select and routine addresses returned are suitable for calling KL FA
R PCHL. AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE p
age 15.189 9 Bit 3 Rendezvous with ch The lis
t of external command servers is generated as background ROMs and RSXs
are initializedized (see KL ROM WALK, KL INIT BACK and KL LOG EXT).
The command tables are scanned in the opposite order to that in which th
e command servers were introduced. Thus, RSXs will tend to take precede
nce over background ROMs, since RSX's are, in general, initialized
after background ROMs. Background ROMs are normally initialized in
reverse order of ROM select addresses, so lower numbered ROMS w
ill take precedence over higher. See section 10.2 for a description
of the format of expansion ROM command tables. The firs
t entry in a background ROM's command name table (the one associate
d with the power-up entry) may be used as the ROM's name. KL FIND COMMA
ND may be used, therefore, to find out whether a particular background
ROM has been initialized. When searching for a foreground program, R
OMs are inspected starting with ROM 0 and working upwards. The searc
h ceases when the first unused ROM address greater than 0 on V1.0 fi
rmware and greater than 15 on V1.1 firmware is found. The on
-board BASIC may be entered by searching for and invoking the command
'BASIC'. If a foreground ROM command is found the ROM
is entered unconditionally this routine never returns. R
elated entries KL INIT BACK KL LOG EXT KL ROM WALK
MC START PROGRAM AMSTRAD CPC464
/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.190 157
KL NEW FRAME FLY #BCD7 I
nitialize and put a block onto the frame flyback list. Action
The Kernel maintains a list of events to be kicked each time frame
flyback occurs. The routine initializes a block and adds it to the
list. Entry conditions HL contains the address of th
e frame flyback block. B contains the event class. C contains th
e ROM select address of the event routine. DE contains the address of th
e event routine. Exit conditions AF, DE and HL corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The frame f
lyback block is 9 bytes long and must lie in the central 32K of RAM.
The last 7 bytes of the frame flyback block are an event block which i
s initialized to reflect the parameters passed in B, C and DE (see KL
INIT EVENT). The exact layout of a frame flyback block is described in
Appendix X. The frame flyback block is appended to the frame flybac
k list if it is not already on it. This routine enables inte
rrupts. Related entries KL ADD FRAME FLY KL
PDEL FRAME FLY KL INIT EVENT AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 F
IRMWARE page 15.191 158 KL ADD FRA
ME FLY #BCDA Put a block
onto the frame flyback list. Action The Kernel maintains
a list of events to be kicked each time frame flyback occurs. This
routine adds a block to the list. Entry conditions HL co
ntains the address of the frame flyback block. Exit conditions
AF, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes The frame flyback block is 9 bytes long and it must lie in th
e central 32K of RAM. The last 7 bytes of the frame flyback block are a
n event block which must be initialized separately before callin
g this routine. The exact layout of a frame flyback block is describ
ed in Appendix X. The block is appended to the frame flybac
k list if it is not already on it. The routine enables int
errupts. Related entries KL DEL FRAME FLY KL I
NIT EVENT KL NEW FRAME FLY AMSTRAD CPC464/664/
6128 FIRMWARE page 15.192 159 KL D
EL FRAME FLY #BCDD Remove
a block from the frame flyback list. Action The Kernel
maintains a list of events to be kicked each time frame flyback occu
rs. This routine removes a block from the list. Entry conditions
HL contains the address of the frame flyback block. Exit co
nditions AF, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserve
d. Notes This routine does nothing if the block is not o
n the list. Removing a block from the list only prevents the event
being kicked again. It does not affect any outstanding frame flyback e
vents. This routine enables interrupts. Related entrie
s KL ADD FRAME FLY KL NEW FRAME FLY
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.1
93 160 KL NEW FAST TICKER
#BCE0 Initialize and put a block onto the fast ticker list.
Action The Kernel maintains a list of events to be kic
ked each time the 1/300th of a second timer interrupt occurs. This is
known as the fast ticker list. This routine initializes a block and ad
ds it to the list. Entry conditions HL contains the address
of the fast ticker block. B contains the event class. C contains
the ROM select address of the event routine. DE contains the address of
the event routine. Exit conditions AF, DE and HL corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The fast ticke
r block is 9 bytes long and must lie in the central 32K of RAM. The las
t 7 bytes of the fast ticker block are an event block which must be in
itialized to reflect the parameters passed in B, C and DE (see KL INIT E
VENT). The exact layout of a fast ticker block is described in Appen
dix X. The fast ticker block is appended to the fast ticker list if
it is not already on it. The fast ticker facility is not int
ended for general use. However, it does allow relatively short times
to be measured giving greater resolution than the general ticker fa
cilities. This routine enables interrupts. Related ent
ries KL ADD FAST TICKER KL ADD TICKER KL DEL FAST TI
CKER KL INIT EVENT KL TIME PLEASE AMSTRAD CPC464/6
64/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.194 161 K
L ADD FAST TICKER #BCE3 Put a
block onto the fast ticker list. Action The Kernel mainta
ins a list of events to be kicked each time the 1/300th of a secon
d timer interrupt occurs. This is known as the fast ticker list. This r
outine adds a block to the list. Entry conditions HL con
tains the address of the fast ticker block. Exit conditions
AF, DE and HL corrupt. P All other registers preserved.
Notes The fast ticker block is 9 bytes long and must lie
in the central 32K of RAM. The last 7 bytes of the fast ticker block ar
e an event block which must be initialized before calling this rou
tine. The exact layout of a fast ticker block is described in Appendix
X. The fast ticker block is appended to the fast ticker list if it
is not already on it. The fast ticker facility is not intend
ed for general use. However, it does allow relatively short times to
be measured giving greater resolution than the general ticker facil
ities. This routine enables interrupts. Related entrie
s KL ADD TICKER KL DEL FAST TICKER KL INIT EVENT
KL NEW FAST TICKER KL TIME PLEASE AMSTRAD CPC464/66
4/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.195 162 KL
DEL FAST TICKER #BCE6 Remo
ve a block from the fast ticker list. Action The Kernel
maintains a list of events to be kicked each time the 1/300th of a
second timer interrupt occurs. This is known as the fast ticker list.
This routine removes a block from the list. Entry conditions
HL contains the address of the fast ticker block. Exit conditio
ns AF, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes This routine does nothing if the block is not on the
list. Removing a block from the list only prevents the event fro
m being kicked again. It does not affect any outstanding fast ticker ev
ents. This routine enables interrupts. Related entries
KL ADD FAST TICKER KL DEL TICKER KL NEW FAST TICKER
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.196 163 KL ADD TICKER
#BCE9 Put a block onto the ticker list.
Action The general purpose timing facility measures time in
1/50th of a second units. The Kernel maintains a list of tick blocks
each of which contains a count and a recharge value. Every 1/50th of a
second the Kernel processes all the tick blocks, decrementing the cou
nt entry of each. If the count entry of a block becomes zero the event
contained in the block is 'kicked', and the count is set to the rechar
ge value. Entry conditions HL contains the address of the ti
ck block. DE contains the initial value for the count entry. BC
contains the value of the recharge entry. Exit conditions AF
, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
The tick block is 13 bytes long and must lie in the central 32K of
memory. The last 7 bytes of the tick block are an event block which
must be initialized before this routine is called. The exact layout of
a tick block is described in Appendix X. The count and recharge
entries in the block are set. The block is then appended to the tick li
st if it is not already on the list. This routine may be used, the
refore, to change the count and recharge entries of an existing bl
ock. Blocks with a count entry of zero are ignored when the lis
t is processed. Setting a recharge value of zero, therefore, sets up
the block as a 'one shot timer'. Since it takes the Kernel time to ign
ore a tick block, any redundant blocks should be removed from the list
as soon as possible. It is not possible to predict, particular
ly with synchronous events, how long it will be after the 'kick' bef
ore the event routine is actually called. Notwithstanding these dela
ys, the ticker may be used to obtain an exact number of 'kicks' in a
given period since the recharge mechanism immediately resets the cou
nt. The event counting mechanism will ensure that 'kicks' are not mis
sed, provided that there are never more than 127 outstanding at once.
This routine enables interrupts. Related entries KL
ADD FAST TICKER KL DEL TICKER KL INIT EVENT AM PSTR
AD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.197
164 KL DEL TICKER #BCEC
Remove block from the tick list. Action If a giv
en block is on the tick list it is removed. The contents of the block
are not affected. Entry conditions HL contains the addr
ess of the tick block. Exit conditions If the tick block
was found on the tick list Carry true. DE
contains the count remaining before the next event. If the tick blo
ck was not found on the tick list Carry false.
DE corrupt. Always A, HL and other flags c
orrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
The contents of the block are not affected by removing it from the
list. In particular the continued processing of outstanding events is
not affected. The block could be put back on the list at a later date
and it could continue counting where it left off. This routine enable
s interrupts. Related entries KL ADD TICKER KL DEL F
AST TICKER AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.198 165 KL INIT EVENT
#BCEF Initialize an event block. Action
Initialize all entries in an event block. Entry conditions
HL contains the address of the event block. B contains the even
t class. C contains the ROM select address of the event routine.
DE contains the address of the event routine. Exit conditions
HL contains the address of the event block + 7. All other registers
preserved. Notes The event block is 7 bytes long and must l
ie in the central 32K of RAM. The layout of an event block is descr
ibed in Appendix X. See section 12 for a general discussion of event
s. The ROM select and address of the routine are the 'far address' of
the event routine (see section 2). The event class is bit si
gnificant as follows Bit 0 Near address.
Bits 1..4 Synchronous event priority. Bit 5
Must be zero. Bit 6 Express event.
Bit 7 Asynchronous event. If the asynchr
onous event bit is set then the event is an asynchronous event, otherwis
e it is a synchronous event. Asynchronous events do not have priorities
and so the priority field is ignored. If the express event bit is se
t then the event is an express event. The meaning of this depends on
whether the event is synchronous or asynchronous. All ex
press synchronous events have higher priorities than any normal synchro
nous event. The priority of a synchronous event is encoded in bits 1..
4 of the class, the higher the number the greater the priority.
No event may have priority 0. The processing of normal synchronou
s events may be disabled (by calling KL EVENT DISABLE), while that
if express synchronous events may not. AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIR
MWARE page 15.199 P-15 $$$ The first byte of the to
ne data block (masked with #7F) specifies the number of sections used i
n theed in bits 1..4 of the class, the higher the number the gr
eater the priority. No event may have priority 0. The processing o
f normal synchronous events may be disabled (by calling KL EVENT D
ISABLE), while that if express synchronous events may not.
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.1
An express asynchronous event will have its event routine called
directly from the interrupt path. A normal asynchronous event is
processed just before returning from the interrupt (with interrupts
enabled). If the near address bit is set then the event rou
tine is located either in the lower ROM or in the central 32K of RAM.
The ROM select address is ignored and the routine is called directly
, rather than P through the FAR CALL mechanism, thus reducing the
event processing overhead. Where possible, asynchronous events shoul
d be at 'near addresses'. Express asynchronous events must always
be at 'near addresses'. Event blocks appear in various oth
er blocks handled by the Kernel, including frame flyback, fast ticke
r and tick blocks. This routine is used to initialize the event block p
arts of these. The bytes after the last byte of the event block, even
where the block forms part of another block, are not used by the Kern
el. When the event routine is called the address of the block is passe
d to it, so the user may append further information about the event to
the block. This allows several similar events to share the same even
t routine, each event having its 'own' variables appended to its event
block. The event routine has the following entry and exit conditions
Entry The event routine is at a 'far address'
HL contains the address of byte 5 of the event block (so an
y appended data can start at address HL + 2). If the event routine is
at a 'near address' DE contains the address of byte 6 of the
event block (so any appended data can start at address DE + 1).
Exit AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. A
ll other registers preserved. The event routine may use the IX and IY
registers but must preserve them. It may not use the second register
set. Express asynchronous events may not enable interrupts.
KL INIT EVENT enables interrupts. Related entries KL DEL SYN
CHRONOUS KL DISARM EVENT KL EVENT KL NEW FAST TICKER
KL NEW FRAME FLY KL NEW TICKER KL SYNC RESET AMST
RAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.200
166 KL EVENT #BCF2
'Kick' an event block. Action The event mechanism a
rranges that an event routine be called in response to each 'kick
' of an event block. KL EVENT performs the 'kick'. Entry
conditions HL contains the address of the event block. Exit
conditions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers pre
served. Notes Unlike the vast majority of Kernel routines th
is routine may be called from the interrupt path. Because the LOW JUMP i
nstruction in the main firmware jumpblock enables interrupts the user m
ay pick the address part of the 'low address' out of the jumpblock an
d mask off the top two bits to extract the address in the lower ROM
of KL EVENT. The following code does this LD DE,(KLEVENT+1
) extract address of LOW JUMP RES 7,D remove
upper ROM state from 'low address' RES 6,D remove low
er ROM state from 'low address' CALL PCDEINSTRUCTION CALL KL EVENT
(If the user is going to perform this operation repeatedly it is
recommended that the address should be extracted once and should be
stored somewhere). The effect of the 'kick' depends on the e
vent count in the event block Count 0 The event is
disarmed, and kicking it has no effect. Count 0 There are other
kicks outstanding and the event is being processed.
This kick simply increments the count (unless it
has already reached the maximum of 127). Once event p
rocessing has begun it continues until the count
becomes zero or the event is disarmed.
Count 0 The event is armed but event processing is not
active. The count is incremented and
event processing initiated. AMSTR
AD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.201
How event processing is initiated depends on the event class. Sy
nchronous Events. Synchronous events are added to the synchronous
event queue in priority order. PIt is the responsibility of th
e foreground program to process the synchronous event queue regularl
y. Synchronous event routine are called when the foreground pr
ogram calls KL DO SYNC, the event count is then dealt with when KL
DONE SYNC is called. Asynchronous Events. a. N
ot in the Interrupt Path The event routine is called immediately
. When the routine returns, if the event count is greater than zero
it is decremented. If the count is still greater than zero then the
procedure is repeated. b. In the Interrupt Path - Normal Asynchrono
us Event The event is placed on the interrupt event pending queu
e. On exit from the interrupt path the Kernel processes all event
s on the interrupt pending queue as described in (a) above. This m
eans the normal asynchronous event routines are called in an exten
sion of normal (non-interrupt) processing between interrupt return
and the main program. The routine is, therefore, not subject t
o the restrictions imposed on interrupt path routines.
c. In the Interrupt Path - Express Asynchronous Event The event
routine is called immediately, in the interrupt path. The routine
must be at a 'near address' (see KL INIT EVENT). Under no circumsta
nces may the routine enable interrupts. KL EVENT enables interrupts
unless it is called from the interrupt path. Related ent
ries KL INIT EVENT KL NEXT SYNC KL POLL SYNCHRONOUS
KL SYNC RESET AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.202 167 KL SYNC RESET
#BCF5 Clear synchronous event queue
. Action The synchronous event queue is set empty - any
outstanding events are simply discarded. The current event priorit
y, used by KL POLL SYNCHRONOUS and KL NEXT SYNC to mask out lower
priority events, is reset. Entry conditions No
conditions. Exit conditions AF and HL corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes It is the user's
responsibility to ensure that discarded events and any currently acti
ve events are reset. The event count of discarded events will be grea
ter than zero, so any further 'kicks' will simply increment the count,
but not add the event to the synchronous event queue - the events ar
e, therefore, effectively disarmed. Related entries
KL DEL SYNCHRONOUS KL NEXT SYNC KL POLL SYNCHRONOUS
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE p
age 15.203 168 KL DEL SYNCHRONOUS
#BCF8 Remove a synchronous event from the event queue
. Action The event is disarmed. If it is on the synchron
ous event queue then it is removed. Entry conditions
HL contains the address of the event block. Exit conditions
AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes Deleting an event from the queue prevents the outstan
ding 'kicks' from being processed. Before a synchronous eve
nt block is reset or reinitialized this routine should be used to
ensure that it is not currently pending. This routine enables interr
upts. Related entries KL DISARM EVENT KL INIT
EVENT KL SYNC RESET AMSTRAD CPC464/664/612
8 FIRMWARE page 15.204 169 KL NEXT
SYNC #BCFB Get next ev
ent from the queue. Action If there is an event on the synch
ronous event queue whose priority is greater than the current event pri
ority (if any), then remove the event from the queue, set the curre
nt event priority to that of the event removed and return the previ
ous event priority. Entry conditions No conditions.
Exit conditions If there is an event to be processed
P Carry true. HL contains the address of the event block.
A contains the previous event priority (if any). If t
here is no event to be processed Carry false.
A and HL corrupt. Always DE corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes KL NEXT SYNC ret
urns the address of the next event to be processed, if any, which it has
taken off the synchronous event queue and whose priority has now b
een set as the event priority mask. The foreground program should ca
ll KL POLL SYNCHRONOUS regularly to check for outstanding events. KL
POLL SYNCHRONOUS is a short routine in RAM, so calling it imposes litt
le overhead. If there is an event outstanding then the above procedur
e should be invoked, and should be repeated until the event queue is em
pty. The current event priority mechanism allows event routine to po
ll for, and process, events of higher priority. The priority returned by
this routine must be preserved until it is passed to KL DO SYNC.
KL NEXT SYNC enables interrupts. AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128
FIRMWARE page 15.205 The procedure
for processing synchronous events is as follows TRY AGAIN
CALL KLNEXTSYNC return next event, if any JR NC,
jump if no event to process PUSH HL sav
e address of event PUSH AF save previous event prio
rity CALL KLDOSYNC call the event routine POP A
F POP HL CALL KLDONESYNC reset the event
priority mask, deal with the event cou
nt and put the event back on the queue if
the count is still greater than zero
JR TRYAGAIN see if any events are still awaiting
processing Related entries
KL DONE SYNC KL DO SYNC KL EVENT KL INIT EVENT
KL POLL SYNCHRONOUS
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.206
170 KL DO SYNC #B
CFE Perform an event routine. Action Call th
e event routine for a given event. Entry conditions HL c
ontains the address of the event block. Exit conditions
AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved. No
tes This routine is intended to be called to process an event aft
er KL NEXT SYNC has found it to be pending. Use of this entry at any
other time is not recommended. See KL NEXT SYNC above f
or the general scheme for processing synchronous events.
KL DO SYNC does not itself affect the event count. Related entri
es KL DONE SYNC KL NEXT SYNC
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.207
171 KL DONE SYNC #B
D01 Finish processing an event. Action Once a sync
hronous event has been processed, by invoking its event routine via
KL DO SYNC, this entry must be called to restore the current event
priority and to deal with the event count. If the count remains greate
r than zero the event block is placed back on the synchronous eve
nt queue. Entry conditions A contains the previous event pri
ority. HL contains the address of the event block. Exit condit
ions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes This routine is intended to be called after calling
KL NEXT SYNC, to find a pending event, and KL DO SYNC, to run the e
vent routine. It uses the previous event priority and the event block
address returned by KL NEXT SYNC. Other uses of this entry are not reco
mmended. See KL NEXT SYNC above for the general scheme for
process Ping synchronous events. Restoring the current
event priority is an essential step in maintaining the synchronou
s event priority scheme. If the event count is greater than zero the
n it is decremented. If the count is still greater than zero then t
here are further events outstanding and the event is placed back on
the synchronous event queue. The event may be disarmed between KL N
EXT SYNC and KL DONE SYNC. Setting the event count to one before
calling KL DONE SYNC forces multiple events to be treated as a single
event. KL DONE SYNC may enable interrupts. Related entr
ies KL DO SYNC KL NEXT SYNC AMSTRAD CPC464/6
64/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.208 172 K
L EVENT DISABLE #BD04 Dis
able normal synchronous events. Action Prevent normal sy
nchronous events from being processed but allow express synchronou
s events to be processed. This is achieved by setting the current
event priority higher than any possible normal synchronous event pr
iority. Entry conditions No conditions. Exit
conditions HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes KL EVENT DISABLE does not prevent events from being kic
ked. The effect is to 'mask off' all pending normal synchronous events
so that they are hidden from the foreground program (when KL POLL SYNC
HRONOUS or KL NEXT SYNC are called) and hence are not processed.
KL EVENT ENABLE reverses the effect of KL EVENT DISABLE. It is
not possible to disable synchronous events permanently from inside
a synchronous event routine as the previous current event priority
is restored when the event routine returns. Related entries
KL DISARM EVENT KL EVENT ENABLE KL NEXT SYNC KL P
OLL SYNCHRONOUS AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.209 Fill an area of the screen.
173 KL EVENT ENABLE #BD07
Enables normal synchronous events. Action Allow
normal and express synchronous events to be processed. Entry conditi
ons No conditions. Exit conditions HL corrup
t. All other registers preserved. Notes Events a
re enabled by default. KL EVENT ENABLE reverses the effect of KL EVENT
DISABLE. It is not possible to disable synchronous events perman
ently from inside a synchronous event routine as the current event prio
rity which is used to disable events is restored when the event routine
returns. Related entries KL EVENT DISABLE KL N
EXT SYNC KL POLL SYNCHRONOUS AMSTR
AD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.210
174 KL DISARM EVENT #BD0A
Prevent an event from occurring. Action Disarms
the event by setting the event count to a negative value. Any further '
kicks' (calls of KL EVENT) for the event will be ignored, any outstandin
g events are discarded. Entry conditions HL contains the
address of the event block. Exit conditions AF corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes KL P DIS
ARM EVENT should only be used with asynchronous events. Synchron
ous events may be disarmed by calling KL DEL SYNCHRONOUS, which als
o ensures that the event is not on the synchronous event queue.
The event may be rearmed by reinitializing it (KL INIT EVENT) or by
setting the event count (byte 2 of the event block) to zero.
Related entries KL DEL SYNCHRONOUS KL INIT EVENT
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.211 175 KL TIME PLEASE
#BD0D Ask the elapsed time. Action
The Kernel maintains a count which it increments on each ti
me interrupt. The count, therefore, measures time in 1/300th of a secon
d units. This routine returns the current count. Entry condi
tions No conditions. Exit conditions DEHL co
ntains the four byte count (D contains the most significant byte and
L the least significant byte). All other registers preserved.
Notes The count is zeroized when the machine is turned on
or reset. The count may be set to another starting value by KL TIME SE
T. The count is not kept up to date if interrupts are disabled for
long periods, such as while reading and writing the cassette.
The four byte count overflows after approximately 14,
316,558 Seconds 238,609 Minutes 3,
977 Hours 166 Days This routine enables inte
rrupts. Related entries KL TIME SET AMSTRA
D CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.212
176 KL TIME SET #BD10
Set the elapsed time. Action The Kernel maintains a
count which it increments on each time interrupt. The count, the
refore, measures time in 1/300th of a second units. This routine sets t
he count to a given value. Entry conditions DEHL contain
s the four byte count (D contains the most significant byte and L th
e least significant byte). Exit conditions AF corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The four byt
e count overflows after approximately 14,316,558 Seconds
238,609 Minutes 3,977 Hours
166 Days KL TIME SET may be used to set the cou
nt to the actual time of day, so that the Kernel then maintains a real
clock rather than a simple measure of the time elapsed since the la
st reset. The count is not kept up to date if interrupts are disable
d for long periods, such as while reading and writing the cassette.
This routine enables interrupts. Related entries
KL TIME PLEASE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.213 177 MC BOOT PROGRAM
#BD13 Load and run a program.
Action Shut down as much of the system as possible then load a progr
am into RAM and run it. If the load fails then the previous foreground
program is restarted. Entry conditions HL contains t
he address of the routine to call to load the program. Exit conditions
Does not exit! Notes The system is partially re
set before attempting to load the program. External interrupts are dis
abled, as are all timer, frame flyback and keyboard break events. Sound
generation is turned off, indirections are set to their default rout
ines and the stack is reset to the default system stack. This pro
cess ensures that no memory outside the firmware variables area is
in use when loading the program. Overwriting an active event
block or indirection routine could otherwise have unfortunate conseq
uences. The partial system reset does not change the ROM state
or ROM selection. The routine run to load the program must be in acc
essible R PAM or an enabled ROM. Note that the firmware jumpblock
normally enables the lower ROM and disables the upper ROM and so the
routine must normally be in RAM above #4000 or in the lower ROM.
The routine run to load the program is free to use any store from
#0040 up to the base of the firmware variables area (#B100) and may
alter indirections and arm external device interrupts as required. It
should obey the following exit conditions If the program loa
ded successfully Carry true.
HL contains the program entry point. If the program fail
ed to load Carry false.
HL corrupt. Always A, BC, DE,IX,
IY and other flags corrupt. AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.214 After a successful load
the firmware is completely initialized (as at EMS) and the program is
entered at the entry address returned by the load routine. Returning
from the program will reset the system (perform RST 0).
After an unsuccessful load an appropriate error message is printed and
the previous foreground program is restarted. If the previous
foreground program was itself a RAM program then the default ROM is
entered instead as the program may have been corrupted during the f
ailed loading. Related entries CAS IN DIRECT K
L CHOKE OFF MC START PROGRAM
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.215 178 MC START PROGRAM
#BD16 Run a foreground p
rogram. Action Fully initialize the system and enter a p
rogram. Entry conditions HL contains the entry point add
ress. C contains the required ROM selection. Exit conditions
Never exits! Notes HL and C comprise the 'f
ar address' of the entry point of the foreground program (see sec
tion 2). When entering a foreground program in ROM the ROM selection
should be that required to select the appropriate ROM. When en
tering a foreground program in RAM the ROM selection should be used t
o enable or disable ROMs as the RAM program requires (ROM select addres
ses #FC. .#FF). This routine carries out a full EMS initial
ization of the firmware before entering the program. Returning from t
he program will reset the system (perform RST 0). MC START P
ROGRAM is intended for running programs in ROM or programs that have a
lready been loaded into RAM. To load and run a RAM program use MC BOOT
PROGRAM. Related entries MC BOOT PROGRAM RESET ENTRY
(RST 0) AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.216 179 MC WAIT FLYBACK
#BD19 Wait for frame flyback. Acti
on Wait until frame flyback occurs. Entry conditions
No conditions. Exit conditions All registers an
d flags preserved. Notes Frame flyback is a signal gener
ated by the CRT controller to signal the start of the vertical retra
ce period. During this period the screen is not being written and s
o major operations can be performed on the screen without producing un
sightly effects. A prime example is rolling the screen. The
frame flyback signal only lasts for a couple of hundred micr
oseconds but the vertical retrace period is much longer than this. Howev
er, there will be a ticker interrupt in the middle of frame flybac
k which may cause the foreground processing to be suspended for a signi
ficant length of time. It is important, therefore, to perform any crit
ical processing as soon after the frame flyback is detected as is possib
le. This routine returns immediately if frame flyback is occurring w
hen it is called. It does not wait for the s Ptart of frame flyback
(use a frame flyback event to do this). Related entries
KL ADD FRAME FLY AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWAR
E page 15.217 180 MC SET MODE
#BD1C Set the screen mod
e. Action Load the hardware with the required screen mod
e. Entry conditions A contains the required mode.
Exit conditions AF corrupt. All other registers preser
ved. Notes The required mode is checked and no action
is taken if it is invalid. If it is valid then the new value is sent to
the hardware. The screen modes are 0 16
0 x 200 pixels, 20 x 25 characters. 1 320 x 200 pixels
, 40 x 25 characters. 2 640 x 200 pixels, 80 x 25 ch
aracters. Altering the screen mode without notifying the Screen
Pack will produce peculiar effects on the screen. In general SCR SET
MODE should be called to change screen mode. This, in turn, sets the new
mode into the hardware. Related entries SCR
SET MODE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.218 181 MC SCREEN OFFSET
#BD1F Set the screen offset. Ac
tion Load the hardware with the offset of the first byte on the
screen inside a 2K screen block and which 16K block the screen memo
ry is located in. Entry conditions A contains t
he new screen base. HL contains the new screen offset. Exit
conditions AF corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes The screen base address is masked with #C0 to make sure
it refers to a valid 16K memory area. The default screen base is #C0 (th
e screen is underneath the upper ROM). The screen offset i
s masked with #07FE to make it legal. Note that bit 0 is ignored as the
hardware only uses even offsets. If the screen base or offset is cha
nged without notifying the Screen Pack then unexpected effects may occ
ur on the screen. In general SCR SET BASE or SCR SET OFFSET should be
called. These, in their turn, send the values to the hardware.
Related entries SCR SET BASE SCR SET OFFSET
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 1
5.219 182 MC CLEAR INKS
#BD22 Set all inks to one colour Action
Set the colour of the border and set the colour of all the inks. All
inks are set to the same colour thus giving the impression that the
screen has been cleared instantly. Entry conditions
DE contains the address of an ink vector. Exit conditions
AF corrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
The ink vector has the form Byte 0 Colour of the borde
r. Byte 1 Colour for all inks. The colours suppli
ed are the numbers used by the hardware rather than the grey scale numb
ers supplied to SCR SET INK (see Appendix V). After the screen has
been cleared (or whatever) the correct ink colours can be set by c
alling MC SET INKS. This routine sets the colours for all 16 inks
whether they can be displayed on the screen in the current mode or no
t. This ink clearing technique is used by the Screen Pack when cle
aring the screen or changing mode (by SCR CLEAR and SCR SET MODE).
Related entries MC SET INKS AMSTRAD CPC464/664/61
28 FIRMWARE page 15.220 183 MC SET
INKS #BD25 Set colo
urs of all the inks. Action Set the colours of all the i
nks and the border. Entry conditions DE contains the add
ress of an ink vector. Exit conditions AF corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The ink Pvecto
r passed has the following layout Byte 0 Colour of the bo
rder. Byte 1 Colour for ink 0. Byte 2 Colo
ur for ink 1. .. .. Byte 16 Col
our for ink 15. The colours supplied are the numbers used by the har
dware rather than the grey scale numbers supplied to SCR SET INK (see A
ppendix V). This routine sets the colours for all inks including tho
se that cannot be visible in the current screen mode. However, it is on
ly necessary to supply sensible colours for the visible inks.
The Screen Pack sets the colours for all the inks each time the inks
flash and after an ink colour has been changed (by calling SCR SET INK o
r SCR SET BORDER). Related entries MC CLEAR INKS SCR
SET BORDER SCR SET INK AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.221 184 MC RESET PRINTER
#BD28 Reset the printer indirecti
on. Action Set the printer indirection, MC WAIT PRINTER,
to its default routine and, in V1.1 firmware, set up the default prin
ter translation table. Entry conditions No conditions.
Exit conditions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All ot
her registers preserved. Notes The default printer trans
lation table is described in Appendix XIV. This is designed to dr
ive the DMP-1 printer. It only translates the additional characters i
n the character set (#0A..#AF) it does not translate any of the s
tandard ASCII characters or the graphics characters.
Related entries MC WAIT PRINTER MC PRINT CHAR
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.222 l synchronous 185 MC PRINT CHAR
#BD2B Try to send a character to the C
entronics port. Action Send a character to the printer (Cent
ronics port) or time out if the printer is busy for too long.
Entry conditions A contains the character to send (bit 7 is ignored)
. Exit conditions If the character was sent OK
Carry true. If the printer timed out Carry
false. Always A and other flags corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes In V1.1 firmwa
re, the character to be sent is translated using the printer transla
tion table as set by MC PRINT TRANSLATION. If the supplied charact
er is not found in the table then it is sent as supplied without
translation. However, if the character is found in the translation ta
ble then the corresponding translation is sent instead unless the
translation is FF in which case the character is ignored and nothing i
s sent. This routine calls the Machine Pack indirection MC WAIT P
RINTER to sent the character. The default indirection routine waits
for the Centronics port to become non-busy then sends the character.
If the port remains busy for too long (approximately 0.4 seconds) th
en the routine times out and the character is not sent. This time o
ut is provided so that the caller can test for break whilst driving
the printer. Related entries MC PRINT TRANSL
ATION MC RESET PRINTER MC WAIT PRINTER AMSTRAD CPC
464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.223
186 MC BUSY PRINTER #BD2E
Test if the Centronics port is busy. Action Test if th
e printer (Centronics port) is busy. Entry conditions No
conditions. Exit conditions If Centronics port is busy
Carry true. If Centronics port is idle
Carry false. Always Other flags co
rrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
This routine has no other effects. Related entries
MC SEND PPRINTER AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.224 187 MC SEND PRINTER
#BD31 Send a character to th
e Centronics port. Action Send a character to the printe
r (Centronics port) which must not be busy. Entry conditi
ons A contains the character to send (bit 7 is ignored).
Exit conditions Carry true. A and other flags corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The pri
nter must not be busy when a character is sent. The higher level ro
utine MC PRINT CHAR will automatically wait for the printer to become no
n-busy and should be used in preference. Related entries
MC BUSY PRINTER MC PRINT CHAR AMS
TRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.225
188 MC SOUND REGISTER #BD34
Send data to a sound chip register. Action Set
sound chip register. This is a rather convoluted action because of the
way the hardware has been designed. Entry conditions A c
ontains the sound chip register number. C contains the data to send.
Exit conditions AF and BC corrupt. All other regist
ers preserved. Notes This routine enables interrupts.
Related entries None!
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page
15.226 189 JUMP RESTORE
#BD37 Restore the standard jumpblock. Action
Set the main firmware jumpblock to its standard state as described
in sections 14.1 and 15. Entry conditions No con
ditions. Exit conditions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes This routine ma
y be used to restore the jumpblock to its standard routines after t
he user has changed entries in it. The whole of the jumpblock is set
up so care must be taken if other programs, such as AMSDOS, have patch
ed it. The indirections jumpblock is set up piecemeal by the variou
s packs' initialization and reset routines. JUMP RESTORE does not set
up the indirections. Related entries GRA RES
ET KM RESET MC RESET PRINTER SCR RESET TXT RESET
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.227 190 KM SET LOCKS
#BD3A Set the shift and caps lock states.
Action Turn the shift and caps locks on or off.
Entry conditions H contains the required caps lock state.
L contains the required shift lock state. Exit conditions
AF corrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
This routine is not available on V1.0 firmware. The lock states a
re #00 means that the lock is to be turned off.
#FF means that the lock is to be turned on. The default lock s
tates are off. Related entries KM GET STATE
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.228 191 KM FLUSH
#BD3D Flush the keyboard buffers. Actio
n Discard all pending keys from the key buffer, the 'put back' chara
cter and any current expansion string. Entry conditions
No conditions. Exit conditions AF corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes This routine is
not available on V1.0 firmware. The next character that will be retu
rned by KM READ CHAR (or a similar routine) after KM FLUSH is called wil
l be the first character that the user types after the call of KM FLUSH
since all the pending characters will have been discarded. O
n V1.0 firmware the effect of P this routine can be simulated by
repeatedly calling KM READ CHAR until it comes back with carry false.
Related entries KM READ CHAR KM READ KEY
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page
15.229 192 TXT ASK STATE
#BD40 Get the state of the Text VDU. Action
Returns the VDU enable/disable state and the cursor on/off and curso
r enable/disable states of the current selected stream. Entr
y conditions No conditions. Exit conditions
A contains the stream state. Flags corrupt. All other regist
ers preserved. Notes This routine is not available on V1
.0 firmware. The stream state is returned as follows
Bit 0 0 -- cursor enabled, 1 -- cursor disabled. Bi
t 1 0 -- cursor on, 1 -- cursor off. Bits 2..6
are undefined. Bit 7 0 -- VDU disabled, 1 --
VDU enabled. Related entries TXT CUR DISABLE T
XT CUR ENABLE TXT CUR OFF TXT CUR ON TXT VDU DISABLE
TXT VDU ENABLE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.230 193 GRA DEFAULT
#BD34 Set the default Graphics VDU
modes. Action Sets the graphics write mode, background m
ode, first pixel mode and line mask to their default settings.
Entry conditions No conditions. Exit conditions
AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes This routine is not available on V1.0 firmware.
This routine sets the following modes Graphics write mode is
set to force. Graphics background mode is set to opaque. First p
oint mode is set to plot the first pixel of lines. Line mask is set to g
ive continuous lines (mask of #FF). Related entries GR
A INITIALISE GRA RESET GRA SET BACK GRA SET FIRST
GRA SET LINE MASK SCR ACCESS AMSTRAD CPC464/66
4/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.231 194 GR
A SET BACK #BD46 Set wh
ether background is to be written. Action Set the graphics b
ackground write mode to opaque or transparent. This affects how GRA LIN
E ABSOLUTE, GRA LINE RELATIVE and GRA WR CHAR write 'background' pixels.
In opaque mode the pixels are written in the current paper ink
using the current graphics write mode. In transparent mode these
pixels are not plotted at all. Entry conditions If backgrou
nd is to be written (opaque mode) A must be zero. I
f background is not to be written (transparent mode) A must b
e non-zero. Exit conditions All registers and flags preserve
d. Notes This routine is not available on V1.0 firmwar
e. Transparent write mode is useful for annotating diagrams and
for similar applications. The graphics background write mo
de is similar to but independent of the character write mode of each
stream of the Text VDU. The default setting is opaque mode.
Related entries GRA DEFAULT GRA LINE GRA LINE
ABSOLUTE GRA LINE RELATIVE GRA SET LINE MASK GRA WR CHAR
TXT SET BACK AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.232 195 GRA SET FIRST
#BD49 Set whether the first point of
a line is to be plotted. Action Turn plotting of the fir
st pixel of lines on or off. Entry conditions If the fir
st pixel is not to be plotted A contains zero.
If the first pixel is to be plotted A contains non-zero.
Exit conditions All registers and flags preserved.
Notes This routine is not ava Pilable on V1.0 firmware.
Turning off the plotting of the first pixel of a line is particularly
useful when drawing using XOR graphics write mode. For example, if a
box is drawn in XOR mode when the first pixel of lines are being
plotted then the corner pixels will e plotted twice and will therefore
not be set. By not plotting the first pixel of lines this effect is
avoided. The default setting for this mode is to plot the first pix
el. Related entries GRA DEFAULT GRA LINE G
RA LINE ABSOLUTE GRA LINE RELATIVE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128
FIRMWARE page 15.233 196 GRA SET
LINE MASK #BD4C Set the line
mask for plotting pixels of lines. Action Set the line mask
that specifies how pixels on lines are to be plotted. Where a b
it in the mask is set the pixel will be plotted in the foreground (in
graphics pen ink using the graphics write mode). Where a pixel in the
mask is not set the pixel will either be plotted in the graphics paper
ink using the graphics write mode or will not be plotted at all dependi
ng on the graphics background write mode. Entry conditions A
contains the line mask to use. Exit conditions All register
s and flags preserved. Notes This routine is not available o
n V1.0 firmware. The line mask is used starting with bit 7 and running
to bit 0 and then starting with bit 7 again. Successive lines will
use the mask as it was left when the previous line finished, the mask
is not reset between lines. The line mask specifies how pix
els are to be plotted. This means that the same mask will give noticeab
ly different effects in the various screen modes. The mask
is applied to the line running from left to right or from bottom to
top, depending on the angle of the line, irrespective of which way r
ound the end points of the line are specified. If the first pixel of
the line is not being plotted then the line mask is applied to the seco
nd pixel of the line first. It is not stepped on for the missing first p
ixel. The default line mask is #FF which plot the whole line
in the foreground. Related entries GRA DEFAULT
GRA LINE GRA LINE ABSOLUTE GRA LINE RELATIVE GRA
SET BACK AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.234 197 GRA FROM USER
#BD4F Convert user coordinates to base coordinates
. Action Convert the coordinates of a point from user co
ordinates to base coordinates rounding as appropriate. Entry
conditions DE contains the user X coordinate. HL contains the
user Y coordinate. Exit conditions DE contains the base X c
oordinate. HL contains the base Y coordinate. AF corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes This routine is n
ot available on V1.0 firmware. The following formulae are used to
convert between the coordinate systems Base X
(Origin X + Rounded X) / Points per pixel Rounded X (User X
+ Round factor) AND Round mask Where Round fa
ctor Round mask Points per pixel +ve user X -ve
user X Mode 0 0 0 #FFFF 1
Mode 1 0 1 #FFFE 2 Mode 2
0 3 #FFFC 4 Base Y
(Origin Y + Rounded Y) / Points per pixel Rounded Y (User
Y + Round factor) AND Round mask Where Round factor
0 for +ve user Y 1 for -ve use
r Y Round mask #FFFE
Points per pixel 2 AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.235 This routine is particu
larly useful when calling Screen pack routines which take the Ppositi
ons of points in base coordinates. Related entries G
RA SET ORIGIN SCR DOT POSITION
AMSTRAD CPC464/66
4/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.236 AMSTRAD CPC464/664/612
8 FIRMWARE page 15.238 onous 198 GR
A FILL #BD52 Fill a
n area of the screen. Action Fill an area of the screen cont
aining the current graphics position and bounded by the edge of the w
indow and pixels set to the pen ink. Entry conditions A cont
ains the (unencoded) ink to fill the area with. HL contains the address
of a buffer. DE contains the length of the buffer. Exit condit
ions If the area was filled successfully Carry true
. If the area was not filled Carry false.
Always A, BC, DE, HL and other flags corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes This routine is not
available on V1.0 firmware. The filling algorithm treats pixels set to
the current pen ink and pixels set to the ink that is being used fo
r filling as delimiters of the edge of the area. The fill ink and the p
en ink may be the same ink. Pixels that are filled are set
to the fill ink. The graphics write mode does not affect the way pi
xels are written when filling. The filling algorithm only moves up, do
wn, right or left. It does not move diagonally and so the algorithm wil
l not 'escape' through a gap between the edge pixels that are diagonal
ly adjacent. This means that the edge can be delimited using the normal
lines drawn by the Graphics VDU. The filling algorithm avoids
recursing. Instead it stores 'interesting points', places that the algo
rithm has chosen one route to fill but might have chosen another rout
e, in the buffer supplied by the user. The buffer may lie anywhere in
RAM. Each 'interesting point' stored uses 7 bytes of the buffer and t
here is an overhead of 1 byte used to mark the end of the buffer. Thus
a buffer 64 bytes long will allow 9 'interesting points' to be stored
which should be sufficient for filling most simple areas.
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.237
The area to be filled may be as complicated as required but th
e more complicated the shape the longer the 'interesting point' buffer
needs to be. The failure return from this routine can occ
ur for three reasons. Firstly, the current graphics position may be
outside the window. Secondly, the pixel at the current graphics posi
tion may be edge (pen or fill ink). In these cases the routine will ret
urn without filling anything. Thirdly the algorithm may exhaust the '
interesting point' buffer in which case some portion of the area will n
ot be filled. Related entries GRA SET PEN
AM
STRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.238
199 SCR SET POSITION #BD55
Set the location of the screen memory. Action
Tell the Screen pack the screen base and the offset without telling
the hardware. Entry conditions A contains the screen bas
e. HL contains the screen offset. Exit conditions
A contains the screen ba Pse masked as required. HL contains the scre
en offset masked as required. Flags corrupt. All other regis
ters preserved. Notes This routine is not available on V
1.0 firmware. This routine changes the location of the screen withou
t notifying the hardware of the change. This effect may be used to cons
truct a second screen of text or graphics without clearing the previous
screen. When the new screen has been constructed the hardware may be
notified and the picture will appear instantly. In general th
e user is advised to set the base using SCR SET BASE and the offset usi
ng SCR SET OFFSET. The screen base is masked with #C0 and the screen o
ffset with #07FE to make the values legal. Related entries
SCR GET LOCATION SCR SET BASE SCR SET OFFSET
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.239
200 MC PRINT TRANSLATION
#BD58 Set the printer translation table. Action S
et how characters are to be translated before being sent to the pr
inter. Entry conditions HL contains the address of the table
. Exit conditions If the table is too long (more than 20
entries) Carry false. If the table is OK
Carry true. Always A, BC, DE, HL and othe
r flags corrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
This routine is not available on V1.0 firmware. The supplie
d translation table may lie anywhere in RAM. This routine copies the t
able and so the memory may be re-used if required. The format of the t
able is as follows Byte 0 Number of entries in th
e table (N). Bytes 1,2 Entry 1 ...
... Bytes 2N-1,2N Entry N The form
at of each two byte entry is as follows Byte 0 Ch
aracter to be translated. Byte 1 Character to trans
late to. If the character to translate to is #FF then the character is
ignored and nothing is sent to the printer. Translation of cha
racters by the printer driver occurs in MC PRINT CHAR.
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 15.240
The default translation table is set up when MC RESET PRI
NTER is called. The default table is designed to drive the DMP-1 printe
r (see Appendix XIV). Related entries MC PRINT CHAR
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.241 201 KL BANK SWITCH
#BD5B Select a memory organization.
Action Set which RAM banks are switched into the 64K of RAM
in the memory map. Entry conditions A contai
ns new organization. Exit conditions A contains old orga
nization. Flags corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes This routine is only available on the CPC6128 (i.e.
V1.2 firmware). The memory organizations and bank switching are discu
ssed fully in section 2.5. It is inadvisable to bank switc
h to a memory organization where the code that is being executed, or
stack are inaccessible! Related entries KL L ROM DISAB
LE KL L ROM ENABLE KL ROM SELECT KL U ROM DISABLE
KL U ROM ENABLE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 15.242 185 MC PRINT CHAR
#BD2B Try to send a character to t It
is inadvisable to bank switch to a memory organization where the cod
e that is being executed, or stack are inaccessible! Related entri
es KL L ROM DISABLE KL L ROM ENABLE KL ROM SELECT
KL U ROM DISABLE KL U ROM ENABLE AMSTRAD
CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE P 16 The Firmw
are Indirections. This section gives the detailed entry and exit condi
tions and effects of the routines in the indirections jumpblock. See se
ction 14.2 for a list a these routines. The firmware indirect
ions are taken by the firmware at key points. They allow the user to
intercept and alter a number of firmware actions without having
to provide a complete new firmware package. The descriptions given
are for the default settings of the indirections. Replacement
routines need not perform all the actions that the default routine p
erforms although they are advised to do so.
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/612
8 FIRMWARE page 16.1 IND TXT DRA
W CURSOR #BDCD Place the
cursor blob on the screen (if enabled). Default action
If the cursor is enabled and turned on then the cursor blob is drawn o
n the screen. If not then no action is taken. The current text po
sition is forced into the window (see TXT VALIDATE) and the cursor blo
b is written at the resulting position. The cursor blob is an inve
rse patch. This routine will only be called twice if TXT UNDRAW CURSO
R is called in between. Entry conditions No conditions.
Exit conditions AF corrupt. All other registers
preserved. Notes This indirection is provided to allow t
he user to change the form of the cursor blob. See TXT PLACE CURSOR fo
r a description of how the cursor blob is normally written.
The Text VDU routines call this indirection whenever the cursor is
placed on the screen. All the Text VDU routines that read from the
screen, write to the screen or change the current position remove the
cursor (using TXT UNDRAW CURSOR) before performing their action and
place it back on the screen afterwards (using TXT DRAW CURSOR). An e
xample of such a routine is TXT WR CHAR that writes a character on th
e screen. This indirection is set up when TXT INITIALISE or TXT RESE
T is called. Related entries TXT PLACE CURSOR TX
T UNDRAW CURSOR AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 16.2 IND TXT UNDRAW CURSOR
#BDD0 Remove the cursor blob on the scree
n (if enabled). Default action If the cursor is enabled
and turned on then the cursor blob is removed from the screen. If not th
en no action is taken. The The cursor blob is an inverse patch. This r
outine will only be called after TXT DRAW CURSOR has been used to plac
e the cursor on the screen. Entry conditions No conditio
ns. Exit conditions AF corrupt. All other regist
ers preserved. Notes This indirection is provided to all
ow the user to change the form of the cursor blob. See TXT REMOVE CURS
OR for a description of how the cursor blob is normally removed.
The Text VDU routines call this indirection to remove the cursor from
the screen. All the Text VDU routines that read from the screen, write
to the screen or change the current position remove the cursor (using
TXT UNDRAW CURSOR) before performing their action and place it back on
the screen afterwards (using TXT DRAW CURSOR). An example of such a
routine is TXT WR CHAR that writes a character on the screen. Thi
s indirection is set up when TXT INITIALISE or TXT RESET is called.
Related entries TXT DRAW CURSOR TXT REMOVE CURSOR
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 16
.3 IND TXT WRITE CHAR
#BDD3 Write a character onto the screen. Default
action Put a character on the screen at a character position.
Entry conditions A contains the character to write. H
contains the physical column to write at. L contains the physical row to
write P at. Exit conditions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The charac
ter position to write at is given in physical coordinates. i.e. Row 0,
column 0 is the top left corner of the screen. The position is
not checked for legality. TXT WRITE CHAR is called by TXT WR CHAR to
print a character on the screen. The removing of the cursor blob and
the calculation of the new current position are performed by TXT WR CHA
R and not by TXT WRITE CHAR. This indirection is set up
when TXT INITIALISE or TXT RESET is called. Related entries
TXT OUTPUT TXT UNWRITE TXT WR CHAR
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 16.4
IND TXT UNWRITE #BDD
6 Read a character from the screen. Default action
Try to read a character from the screen at a character position. Entr
y conditions H contains the physical column to read from. L co
ntains the physical row to read from. Exit conditions If a r
eadable character was found Carry true. A co
ntains the character read. If no recognisable character was found
Carry false. A contains zero. Always
BC, DE, HL and other flags corrupt. All other
registers preserved. Notes The character position to read f
rom is given in physical coordinates. i.e. Row 0, column 0 is the top
left corner of the screen. The position is not checked for legali
ty. This indirection is called by TXT RD CHAR to read a character form
the screen. TXT RD CHAR removes the cursor from the screen before call
ing this indirection. The read is performed by comparing the
matrix found on the screen with the matrices used to generate characte
rs. As a result changing a character matrix, changing the pen or
paper inks or changing the screen (e.g. drawing a line through
a character) may make the character unreadable. In particular th
e cursor blob will cause confusion and so should not be on the scree
n. Special precautions are taken against generating inverse
space (character #8F). Initially the character is read assuming
the background to the character was written in the current paper ink.
If this fails to generate a recognisable character or it generat
es inverse space then another try is made by assuming that the characte
r was written in the current pen ink. AMSTRAD CPC464/664
/6128 FIRMWARE page 16.5 The cha
racters are scanned starting with #00 and finishing with #FF. Thus, if
there are two possible character matrices that match the screen, t
he smaller of the two character numbers will be returned. This indir
ection is set up when TXT INITIALISE or TXT RESET is called. Relat
ed entries TXT RD CHAR TXT WRITE CHAR
AMST
RAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 16.6
IND TXT OUT ACTION #BDD9
Output a character or control code. Default action Pr
int a character on the screen or obey a control code (character #00. .#1
F). Works on the currently selected stream (except as noted below). En
try conditions A contains the character or code. Exit condit
ions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes This indirection is called by TXT OUTPUT to do the w
ork of printing characters or obeying the control codes. It is provide
d to allow the user to change the method of dealing with characters an
d control codes or to allow the user to redirect output (to the printer
for example). TXT OUTPUT merely preserves the registers around the call
of TXT OUT ACTION. Control codes may take up to 9 parameter
s. These are the characters s Pent following the initial control c
ode. The characters sent are stored in a buffer until sufficient hav
e been received to make up all the required parameters. The control cod
e buffer is only long enough to accept 9 parameter characters.
There is only one control code buffer which is shared between all the
streams. It is, therefore possible to get unpredictable results if the
output stream is changed part of the way through sending a control
code sequence. If the VDU is disabled then no characters will be p
rinted on the screen. In V1.1 firmware control codes that are special
ly marked in the control code table will not be obeyed if the VDU
is disabled. Other control codes and all control codes in V1.0 firmwa
re will be obeyed. If the graphics character write mode is e
nabled then all characters and control codes are printed using the Gr
aphics VDU (see GRA WR CHAR) and are not obeyed. Normally characters are
written by the Text VDU (see TXT WR CHAR). This indirectio
n is set up when TXT INITIALISE or TXT RESET is called. Related entrie
s TXT OUTPUT TXT WR CHAR AMSTRAD CPC464/664/61
28 FIRMWARE page 16.7 IND GRA PL
OT #BDDC Plot a poi
nt. Default action Check if the point lies inside the curren
t window and if so write it in the current graphics pen ink and using
the current graphics write mode. The current graphics position i alway
s moved to the specified point. Entry conditions
DE contains the user X coordinate of the point to plot. HL contains
the user Y coordinate of the point to plot. Exit conditions
AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes The position of the point to plot is given in user coordina
tes, i.e. relative to the user origin. This indirection is
called by GRA PLOT RELATIVE and GRA PLOT ABSOLUTE to plot the point req
uested. It is provided to allow the user to change the method for
plotting (to output to an X-Y plotter for example). GRA PLOT RELA
TIVE converts from relative to user coordinates and then calls this
indirection GRA PLOT ABSOLUTE calls this indirection immediately.
To write the point on the screen the SCR WRITE indirection is used
. Thus the point is plotted using the current graphics write mode.
This indirection is set up when GRA INITIALISE or GRA RESET is called.
Related entries GRA PLOT ABSOLUTE GRA PLOT RELATIV
E GRA TEST SCR WRITE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIR
MWARE page 16.8 IND GRA TEST
#BDDF Test a point.
Default action Check if the point inside the graphics window a
nd return the ink it is currently set to if so. Otherwise, return the c
urrent graphic paper ink. The current graphics position is always move
d to the specified point. Entry conditions DE con
tains the user X coordinate of the point to test. HL contains the user Y
coordinate of the point to test. Exit conditions A contains
the decoded ink of the specified point. BC, DE,HL and flags corrupt
. All other registers preserved. Notes The posit
ion of the point to plot is given in user coordinates, i.e. relative t
o the user origin. This indirection is used by GRA TEST RELATIVE and
GRA TEST ABSOLUTE to test the point requested. It is provided to allow
the user to change the method for testing (comparing with the cur
rent pen ink for example). GRA TEST RELATIVE converts from relative t
o user coordinates and then calls this indirection GRA TEST ABSOL
UTE calls this indirection immediately. To test the ink of
a point inside the window the SCR READ indirection is used.
This indirection is set up when GRA INITIALISE or GRA RESET is called.
Related entries GRA PLOT GRA TEST ABSOLUTE PG
RA TEST RELATIVE SCR READ AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRM
WARE page 16.9 IND GRA LINE
#BDE2 Draw a line.
Default action Draw a line between the current graphics
position and the given endpoint using the current graphics write mo
de. Points on the line that lie outside the current graphics window
will not be plotted. The current graphics position is always moved to t
he specified endpoint. Entry conditions DE contains the
user X coordinate of the endpoint. HL contains the user Y coordinate of
the endpoint. Exit conditions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The positi
on of the endpoint is given in user coordinates, i.e. relative to
the user origin. This indirection is used by GRA LINE RELATIVE and GR
A LINE ABSOLUTE to draw the line specified. It is provided to allow the
user to change the method for line drawing (to output to an X-Y plott
er for example). GRA LINE RELATIVE converts from relative to user coordi
nates and then calls the indirection GRA LINE ABSOLUTE calls the
indirection immediately. The line is split up into horizonta
l or vertical sections that are drawn separately (see SCR HORIZONTAL
and SCR VERTICAL). The SCR WRITE indirection is called to write points
in these sections. This means that the line is plotted using the cur
rent graphics write mode. In V1.0 firmware the line is plotted in the
current pen ink. But in V1.1 the setting of the line mask determines
how pixels on the line will be plotted. The line mask is bit si
gnificant and is used repeatedly in the order bit 7, bit 6 down to bi
t 0 for each pixel in the line. If the bit is one then the pixel is pl
otted in the graphics pen ink. If the bit is zero then the action ta
ken depends on the graphics background write mode. If the background
mode is opaque then the pixel is plotted in the graphics paper ink. If
the background mode is transparent then the pixel is not plotted.
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 16.10
In V1.1 firmware the first pixel of the line (that at the
current graphics position) is not plotted if the first point plotting
mode is set false. This indirection is set up when GRA INIT
IALISE or GRA RESET is called. Related entries GRA LIN
E ABSOLUTE GRA LINE RELATIVE GRA SET BACK GRA SET FIRST
GRA SET LINE MASK SCR HORIZONTAL SCR VERTICAL
AM
STRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 16.11 Th
is section gives the detailed entry and exit conditions and effects his indir
ection is set up when GRA INITIALISE or GRA RESET is called. Relat
ed entries GRA LINE ABSOLUTE GRA LINE RELATIVE GRA S
ET BACK GRA SET FIRST GRA SET LINE MASK SCR HORIZONTAL
SCR VERTICAL
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FI IND SCR
READ #BDE5 Read
a pixel from the screen. Default action Read a pixel fro
m the screen and decode its ink. Entry conditions HL con
tains the screen address of the pixel. C contains the mask for the pixel
. Exit conditions A contains the decoded ink that the pi
xel was set to. Flags corrupt. All other registers preserved
. Notes The mask supplied must be a mask for a single
pixel otherwise the decoding of the ink read from the screen will not
work correctly. This indirection is set up when SCR INITIALISE or S
CR RESET is called. It is called by GRA TEST. Related entr
ies GRA TEST SCR WRITE AMS
TRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 16.12
IND SCR WRITE P
#BDE8 Write pixel(s) using the current graphics write mode.
Default action Plot a pixel or pixels on the screen using the cur
rent graphics write mode. Entry conditions HL conta
ins the screen address of the pixel(s). C contains the mask for the pixe
l(s). B contains the encoded ink to plot with. Exit conditions
AF corrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
The pixel mask supplied can be for a single pixel or more than one
pixel (or even no pixels). The ink supplied should be encoded to cover
the whole of a byte (see SCR INK ENCODE). The pixel is plotted
using the current Graphics VDU write mode. These modes are
FORCE Pixel is set to the new ink irrespective of the old
ink. XOR Pixel is set to the ink formed
by exclusive-oring the new ink for the pixel and it
s current setting. AND Pixel is set to the ink formed by
anding the new ink for the pixel and its current s
etting. OR Pixel is set to the ink formed by oring the n
ew ink for the pixel and its current setting.
The write mode can be set by calling SCR ACCESS appropriately. This
indirection is called by all Graphics VDU write routines, in parti
cular GRA PLOT RELATIVE, GRA PLOT ABSOLUTE, GRA LINE RELATIVE, GRA LI
NE ABSOLUTE and GRA WR CHAR, to plot pixels on the screen. It is provide
d to allow the user to intercept the lowest level of point plotting
(perhaps to add yet another plotting mode). This indirection is set u
p when SCR INITIALISE or SCR RESET is called. Related entries
GRA PLOT SCR ACCESS SCR PIXELS SCR READ
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 16.13
IND SCR MODE CLEAR #BD
EB Clear the screen to ink 0. Default action
Clear the screen memory to zeros. This indirection is provided to
allow the user to prevent the screen being cleared after the mode is c
hanged. Entry conditions No conditions. Exit
conditions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All other registers p
reserved. Notes Normally this indirection performs the a
ctions described in SCR CLEAR. In V1.0 firmware it is necessary for
the user to set up the inks if this indirection is intercepted (see A
ppendix XIII). In V1.1 firmware the screen pack sets up the inks for th
e user after SCR MODE CLEAR has been called. This indirectio
n is set up when SCR INITIALISE or SCR RESET is called. N.B. When this
indirection is called the text and graphics VDUs are in non-standard st
ates. Related entries SCR CLEAR SCR SET MODE
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 16.14 IND KM TEST BREAK
#BDEE Test for break (or reset). Defau
lt action Test if the escape key is pressed, if not then no action i
s taken. If escape, shift and control are all pressed and no other keys
then the system is reset. Otherwise, a break event is reported (see
KM BREAK EVENT). Entry conditions Interrupts d
isabled. C contains shift and control key states. Exit condi
tions AF and HL corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes This indirection is called by the firmware from the
interrupt path. Thus interrupts are disabled and they must remain disab
led. If bit 7 of C is set then the control key is pressed. If bit 5
of C is set then one of the shift keys is pressed. This indi
rection is called after the keys have been scanned and the escape key
was found to have been pressed. It is provided to allow the user to alt
er the action of a break (particularly prevent the system reset, see R
ESET ENTRY). This indirection is set up when KM INITIALISE or K !P!
!!!!!!!!M RESET is called. Related entries KM BREAK EV
ENT AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 16.15 IND MC WAIT PRINTER
#BDF1 Print a character or time out. De
fault action Wait for the Centronics port to become not busy and
then send a character to it. If the port remains busy for a long tim
e the routine times out and the character is not sent. Entr
y conditions A contains the character to send. Exit cond
itions If the character was sent OK Carry true.
If the Centronics port timed out Carry false.
Always A and BC corrupt. All other r
egisters preserved. Notes This indirection is provided to al
low the user to drive the printer in a different way. For example, 'esca
pe sequence' could be handled or the time out could be changed.
This indirection is called by the routine MC PRINT CHAR. It tests
whether the printer is busy in the same way as MC BUSY PRINTER and
sends the character in the same way as MC SEND PRINTER. This indire
ction is set up when MC RESET PRINTER is called. Related entries
MC BUSY PRINTER MC PRINT CHAR MC SEND PRINTER
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 16.16
IND KM SCAN KEYS #B
DF4 Scan the keyboard. Default action Scans
the keyboard and updates the key state map. Newly pressed keys are det
ected and appropriate markers are inserted into the key buffer. Entr
y conditions No conditions except that interrupts must be disabled.
Exit conditions AF, BC, DE and HL corrupt. All o
ther registers preserved and interrupts remain disabled. Notes
This indirection is called every fiftieth of a second during a ticker
interrupt. The repeat speeds and start-up delays of the keys are
measured in scans of the keyboard and hence fiftieth of a second.
If the escape key is pressed then the indirection KM TEST BREAK is
called to process the break. Related entries KL SCAN
NEEDED KM READ KEY KM TEST BREAK KM TEST KEY
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 16.17 is section gives the detailed entry and exit conditions and eff
ects of the keys are measured in scans of the keyboard and hence f
iftieth of a second. If the escape key is pressed then the indirecti
on KM TEST BREAK is called to process the break. Relat
ed entries 17 The High Kernel Jumpblock. S
eparate from the main firmware jumpblock is a small jumpblock for Ke
rnel routines associated with ROM state and ROM selection. The rou
tines accessed through this jumpblock are all RAM resident, to avoi
d confusion while the ROM state and ROM select are changed! The RAM a
rea is copied out of ROM during the power-up initialization. The jumpbl
ock should not be altered by the user. The entry KL POLL SYNCHRONOU
S is the 'odd man out' amongst the routines in this jumpblock.
Unlike the other synchronous event handling routines, which are in
the lower ROM, this routine is RAM resident. This minimises the
overhead involved in polling for synchronous events. A
brief listing of the entries in this jumpblock can be found in se
ction 14.3. A discussion of ROMs and the memory map can be found in sec
tion 2 "P""""""""", further discussion of ROMs can be found in section 10 and a
discussion of events can be found in section 12.
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128
FIRMWARE page 17.1 HI KL U ROM E
NABLE #B900 Enable the
upper ROM. Action Enables the currently selected upper R
OM. Reading from addresses #C000 and up will now return the contents of
the ROM. Entry conditions No conditions. Exi
t conditions A contains the previous ROM state. Flags co
rrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes The
mechanism provided for calling subroutines in the upper ROM and for s
electing upper ROMs automatically enable the ROM as required. This r
outine is used by the firmware but is otherwise of little use. The p
revious ROM state may be passed to KL ROM RESTORE to reset the state
to what it was before this routine was called. This routine enables
interrupts. Related entries KL L ROM ENABLE KL
ROM RESTORE KL ROM SELECT KL U ROM DISABLE
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page 17.2
HI KL U ROM DISABLE #B9
03 Disable the upper ROM. Action Disables th
e upper ROM. Reading from addresses #C000 and up will now return the c
ontents of the RAM. Entry conditions No conditions.
Exit conditions A contains the previous ROM state.
Flags corrupt. All other registers preserved. Notes
Disabling the upper ROM gives read access to the top 16K of RAM, which
is usually used as the screen memory. Note that the mapping of a
location in screen memory to pixels on the screen depends on the mode
and on the screen offset. It is inadvisable to disable the
upper ROM while executing instructions in it! The pre
vious ROM state may be passed to KL ROM RESTORE to reset the state to
what it was before this routine was called. This routine enables in
terrupts. Related entries KL L ROM DISABLE KL
ROM RESTORE KL U ROM ENABLE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWA
RE page 17.3 HI KL L ROM ENABLE
#B906 Enable the lower
ROM. Action Enables the lower ROM. Reading from addresse
s below #4000 will now return the contents of the ROM. E
ntry conditions No conditions. Exit conditions
A contains the previous ROM state. Flags corrupt. All oth
er registers preserved. Notes In general the lower ROM i
s disabled except when a firmware routine is called. The firmware jumpb
lock arranges to enable the lower ROM automatically and to disable
it again when the routine returns. This routine is used by the firmwa
re but is otherwise of little use. The previous ROM state may be pas
sed to KL ROM RESTORE to reset the state to what it was before this r
outine was called. This routine enables interrupts. Re
lated entries KL L ROM DISABLE KL ROM RESTORE KL U R
OM ENABLE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 17.4 HI KL L ROM DISABLE
#B909 Disable the lower ROM.
Action Disables the lower ROM. Reading from addresses below #4000
will now return the contents of the RAM. Entry conditions
No conditions. Exit conditions A contains the
previous ROM state. Flags corrupt. All other registers pres
erved. Notes In general the lower ROM is disabled except
when a firmware routine is called. The firmware jumpblock arranges t
o enable the lower ROM automatically and to disable it again when th
e routine returns. The previous #P######### ROM state may be passe
d to KL ROM RESTORE to reset the state to what it was before this rou
tine was called. This routine enables interrupts. Rela
ted entries KL L ROM ENABLE KL ROM RESTORE KL U ROM
DISABLE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 17.5 HI KL ROM RESTORE
#B90C Restore the previous ROM state.
Action The ROM state change routines all return a value giv
ing the previous ROM state. Given that value KL ROM RESTORE will rese
t the state to what it was before the change. Entry condi
tions A contains the previous ROM state. Exit conditions
AF corrupt. All other registers preserved. Note
s The previous ROM state is the value returned by one of
KL U ROM ENABLE KL U ROM DISABLE KL
L ROM ENABLE KL L ROM DISABLE KL ROM SELECT
It is possible to use KL U ROM DISABLE to reverse the effect of a call
of KL U ROM ENABLE (amongst various other combinations). However,
calling KL ROM RESTORE is the preferred method since it restores the
state to what it was, which might have been enabled anyway. T
his routine enables interrupts. Related entries KL L ROM DIS
ABLE KL L ROM ENABLE KL ROM SELECT KL U ROM DISABLE
KL U ROM ENABLE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 17.6 HI KL ROM SELECT
#B90F Select a particular upper ROM.
Action Select a given upper ROM and enable the upper ROM
. Entry conditions C contains the ROM select address of
the required ROM. Exit conditions C contains the ROM sel
ect address of the previously selected ROM. B contains the previous ROM
state. AF corrupt. All other registers preserved.
Notes The previous ROM state can be passed to KL ROM RESTORE to
reset the ROM enable to what it was. Both the previous state and the
previous selection can be passed to KL ROM DESELECT to restore the s
tate to what it was and to select the previously selected ROM again.
The mechanism provided for calling routines in expansion ROMs
automatically perform ROM selection as required (see section 2).
It is inadvisable to select another upper ROM whilst executing
instructions in the upper ROM. This routine enables interrupts.
Related entries KL CURR SELECTION KL PROBE ROM
KL ROM DESELECT KL ROM RESTORE AMSTRAD CPC464/664/
6128 FIRMWARE page 17.7 HI KL CU
RR SELECTION #B912 Ask wh
ich upper ROM is currently selected. Action Returns the
ROM select address of the currently selected upper ROM. Entry condit
ions No conditions. Exit conditions A contai
ns the ROM select address of the currently selected ROM. All other r
egisters and flags preserved. Notes It is not possible
to predict the ROM select address which any particular expansion
ROM will be fitted. The 'far address' used to reference subroutines
in expansion ROMs includes a ROM select byte which must be set up at
run time. This routine returns the ROM select address of the current R
OM so that it can set up suitable 'far addresses'.
Related entries KL PROBE ROM KL ROM SELECT
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 17.8 HI KL PROBE ROM
#B915 Ask class and version of a ROM. A
ction The first few bytes of all upper ROMs contain informatio
n in a standard form about the ROM. This routine extracts the class
, mark number and version number bytes from the ROM at a given ROM
sel $P$$$$$$$$$ect address. Entry conditions C
contains the ROM select address of the ROM to probe. Exit conditions
A contains the ROM's class. L contains the ROM's mark numbe
r H contains the ROM's version number. B and flags corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The ROM class ret
urned may take any of the following values 0 Foreground
ROM. 1 Background ROM. 2 Extension f
oreground ROM. #80 On board ROM (the built in BASIC foregrou
nd program). Selecting a ROM address where no ROM is fitted implicitly
selects the on-board ROM and so it will return #80 as its class.
The meaning of the mark and version numbers depends on the ROM. S
ee section 10 for a description of expansion ROMs. This routine enable
s interrupts. Related entries KL ROM SELECT KL CURR
SELECTION AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 17.9 HI KL ROM DESELECT
#B918 Restore previous upper ROM selection.
Action Set the ROM state and upper ROM selection to wha
t they were before KL ROM SELECT was called. Entry conditio
ns C contains the ROM select address of the previously selected ROM.
B contains the previous ROM state. Exit conditions
C contains the ROM select address of the currently selected ROM.
B corrupt. All other registers and flags preserved. Notes
The previous ROM selection and state are the values returned by KL RO
M SELECT. The currently selected ROM returned by this routine is the ROM
that was selected by calling KL ROM SELECT (unless further selections
have been made). The mechanism provided for calling subro
utines in expansion ROMs automatically performs ROM selection as requ
ired. It is inadvisable to select another upper ROM whilst e
xecuting instructions in the upper ROM. This routine enables
interrupts. Related entries KL CURR SELECTION K
L ROM RESTORE KL ROM SELECT AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWA
RE page 17.10 HI KL LDIR
#B91B Move store (LDIR)
with ROMs turned off. Action Performs an LDIR instructi
on (LoaD Increment and Repeat) with both upper and lower ROMs disabl
ed. Entry conditions BC, DE, HL as required by the LDIR
instruction. Exit conditions F, BC, DE, HL as set by the
LDIR instruction. All other registers preserved. Notes
This routine may be used to move areas of RAM irrespective of the ROM
state. This routine enables interrupts. Related
entries KL LDDR RAM LAM (RST 4)
AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE page
17.11 HI KL LDDR
#B91E Move store (LDDR) with ROMs turned off.
Action Performs an LDDR instruction (LoaD Decrement and Repeat) w
ith both upper and lower ROMs disabled. Entry conditions
BC, DE, HL as required by LDDR instruction. Exit condition
s F, BC, DE, HL as set by LDDR instruction. All other regist
ers preserved. Notes This routine may be used to move ar
eas of RAM irrespective of the ROM state. This routine enab
les interrupts. Related entries KL LDIR RAM
LAM (RST 4) AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRM
WARE page 17.12 HL KL POLL SYNCHR
ONOUS #B921 Check if an event
with higher priority than the current event is pending.
Action If the synchronous event queue is not empty then the priority
of the highest priority pending event is compared with the current
event's priority (if any). %P%%%%%%%%% Entry conditions
No conditions. Exit conditions If there is a higher pri
ority event pending Carry true. If there is no high
er priority event pending Carry false. Always
A and other flags corrupt. All other registers
preserved. Notes This routine is in the high jumpblock to
minimise the overhead of polling for synchronous events. If the s
ynchronous event queue is empty then the routine takes only a few ins
tructions. While a synchronous event is being processed the Kernel r
emembers its priority. The synchronous event routine may itself
poll the synchronous event queue, but only events of a higher pri
ority than itself are notified to it. This routine enables
interrupts. Related entries KL EVENT KL DONE SYNC
KL DO SYNC KL NEXT SYNC AMSTRAD CPC464/664/612
8 FIRMWARE page 17.13 HI KL SCAN
NEEDED #B92A Ensure ke
yboard is scanned at next opportunity. Action Force the
Key Manager to scan the keyboard when the next ticker interrupt o
ccurs. This may be used to reduce the probability of key pressings be
ing missed while interrupts are disabled. Entry conditions
No conditions. Exit conditions AF and HL corrupt.
All other registers preserved. Notes The keyboard i
s normally scanned on every sixth ticker interrupt (every fiftieth
of a second). While interrupts are disabled the ticks are lost and the
keyboard will not be scanned. If interrupts are disabled for a si
gnificant period (more than three ticks) then this routine should be
called just before interrupts are re-enabled. If interrupts are disa
bled for a long time (more than twelve ticks) then the user might co
nsider calling this routine and re-enabling interrupts for a shor
t time every fiftieth of a second. Related entries KM
SCAN KEYS AMSTRAD CPC464/664/6128 FIRMWARE
page 17.14 Separate from the main firmware jumpblock
is a small jumpblock for &P&&&&&&&&& 'P'''''''''Tous droits réservés. Reproduction sans autorisation interdite. © Kukulcan