Length of PILOT pulse : 2325 Length of SYNC First pulse : 1190 Length of SYNC Second pulse : 1190 Length of ZERO bit pulse : 1169 Length of ONE bit pulse : 2339 Length of PILOT tone : 4126 Used bits in last byte : 8 Data : 17291 bytes Total size : 17310 bytes
Sum DATA : 1 583 612
Duration : 133597 ms Pause After this block : 8920 ms Duration block + Pause : 142517 ms Duration block + Pause : 00 h 02 m 22 s | 000000: 6C 20 71 BC 21 BA 10 CD 88 10 CD D9 51 38 18 CD l q.!.......Q8..
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|
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Sum DATA : 1 726 123
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0054C0: C9 C9 C9 C9 C9 00 FF 00 00 FF 00 00 00 84 FF FF ................
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