CPC 464 Computing Issue 02 (UK) (Face A) (1984) [Original] [TAPE] [COMPILATION].cdt
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00A9C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00A9D0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00A9E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00A9F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00AA00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00AA10: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00AA20: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00AA30: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00AA40: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00AA50: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 37 34 FF FF FF FF 11 .........74.....
00AA60: CA 08 57 04 A6 04 6F 04 DF 08 00 10 08 1D 0A 11 ..W...o.........
00AA70: 06 00 16 2C 20 79 6F 75 2C 20 6D 75 73 74 20 70 ..., you, must p
00AA80: 72 65 73 73 20 45 53 43 20 74 77 69 63 65 20 61 ress ESC twice a
00AA90: 6E 64 20 74 79 70 65 00 09 00 A5 05 8C 20 5E 4D nd type...... ^M
00AAA0: 00 13 00 A6 05 8C 20 22 4C 49 53 54 20 31 30 30 ...... "LIST 100
00AAB0: 30 30 2D 00 69 00 A7 05 8C 20 5E 4D 2C 5E 4D 2C 00-.i.... ^M,^M,
00AAC0: 22 74 68 65 20 6F 62 6A 65 63 74 20 63 6F 64 65 "the object code
00AAD0: 20 63 61 6E 20 62 65 20 66 6F 75 6E 64 20 69 6D can be found im
00AAE0: 6D 65 64 69 61 74 65 6C 79 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 mediately after
00AAF0: 74 68 65 20 49 4E 54 52 4F 20 66 69 6C 65 20 61 the INTRO file a
00AB00: 74 20 74 68 65 20 62 65 67 69 6E 6E 69 6E 67 20 t the beginning
00AB10: 6F 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 61 70 65 2E 00 09 00 A9 of the tape.....
00AB20: 05 8C 20 5E 50 00 0C 00 AA 05 8C 20 5E 4D 2C 5E .. ^P...... ^M,^
00AB30: 4D 00 22 00 B4 05 8C 20 22 4E 65 78 74 20 70 72 M.".... "Next pr
00AB40: 6F 67 72 61 6D 20 69 73 20 6C 6F 61 64 69 6E 67 ogram is loading
00AB50: 2E 2E 2E 00 09 00 BE 05 8C 20 5E 45 00 20 00 0F ......... ^E. ..
00AB60: 27 C5 20 54 45 58 54 20 46 4F 52 4D 41 54 54 45 '. TEXT FORMATTE
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00AB80: 00 10 27 0D 00 00 4F 52 C7 20 30 0D 00 00 41 30 ..'...OR. 0...A0
00AB90: 30 30 C8 00 1F 00 1A 27 0D 00 00 47 45 54 43 55 00.....'...GETCU
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00ABB0: 38 C8 00 1F 00 24 27 0D 00 00 47 45 54 57 49 CE 8....$'...GETWI.
00ABC0: 01 0D 00 00 45 51 D5 20 30 0D 00 00 42 42 36 39 ....EQ. 0...BB69
00ABD0: C8 00 1F 00 2E 27 0D 00 00 4F 53 57 52 43 C8 01 .....'...OSWRC..
00ABE0: 0D 00 00 45 51 D5 20 30 0D 00 00 42 42 35 41 C8 ...EQ. 0...BB5A.
00ABF0: 00 06 00 42 27 01 00 18 00 4C 27 0D 00 00 4E 45 ...B'....L'...NE
00AC00: 57 57 52 43 C8 01 0D 00 00 45 51 D5 20 24 00 06 WWRC.....EQ. $..
00AC10: 00 56 27 01 00 19 00 60 27 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D .V'....`'...L. .
00AC20: 00 00 CC 2C 28 0D 00 00 49 D8 F4 0E 29 00 19 00 ...,(...I...)...
00AC30: 6A 27 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D 00 00 C8 2C 28 0D 00 j'...L. ....,(..
00AC40: 00 49 D8 F4 0F 29 00 12 00 74 27 0D 00 00 50 55 .I...)...t'...PU
00AC50: 53 C8 20 0D 00 00 48 CC 00 11 00 7E 27 0D 00 00 S. ...H....~'...
00AC60: 50 4F D0 20 0D 00 00 49 D8 00 19 00 88 27 0D 00 PO. ...I.....'..
00AC70: 00 4C C4 20 0D CF 93 00 00 C2 2C 28 0D 00 00 49 .L. ......,(...I
00AC80: D8 F4 0E 29 00 19 00 92 27 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D ...)....'...L. .
00AC90: 00 00 C5 2C 28 0D 00 00 49 D8 F4 0F 29 00 19 00 ...,(...I...)...
00ACA0: 9C 27 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D 00 00 C4 2C 28 0D 00 .'...L. ....,(..
00ACB0: 00 49 D8 F4 10 29 00 06 00 A6 27 01 00 17 00 B0 .I...)....'.....
00ACC0: 27 0D 00 00 44 4F 4C 4F 4F D0 01 0D 00 00 45 51 '...DOLOO.....EQ
00ACD0: D5 20 24 00 06 00 BA 27 01 00 12 00 C4 27 0D 00 . $....'.....'..
00ACE0: 00 50 55 53 C8 20 0D 00 00 42 C3 00 12 00 CE 27 .PUS. ...B.....'
00ACF0: 0D 00 00 50 55 53 C8 20 0D 00 00 44 C5 00 06 00 ...PUS. ...D....
00AD00: D8 27 01 00 17 00 E2 27 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D 00 .'.....'...L. ..
00AD10: 00 C1 2C 28 0D 00 00 44 C5 29 00 19 00 EC 27 0D ..,(...D.)....'.
00AD20: 00 00 4C C4 20 28 0D 00 00 54 45 4D D0 29 2C 0D ..L. (...TEM.),.
00AD30: 00 00 C1 00 0D 00 F6 27 0D 00 00 43 D0 20 33 33 .......'...C. 33
00AD40: 00 17 00 00 28 83 20 0D 00 00 C3 2C 0D 00 00 4E ....(. ....,...N
00AD50: 45 58 54 57 4F 52 C4 00 10 00 0A 28 83 20 0D 00 EXTWOR.....(. ..
00AD60: 00 4F 53 57 52 43 C8 00 11 00 14 28 0D 00 00 50 .OSWRC.....(...P
00AD70: 4F D0 20 0D 00 00 44 1E C1 C5 00 11 00 1E 28 0D O. ...D.......(.
00AD80: 00 00 50 4F D0 20 0D 00 00 42 C3 00 11 00 28 28 ..PO. ...B....((
00AD90: 0D 00 00 49 4E C3 20 0D 00 00 44 C5 00 16 00 32 ...IN. ...D....2
00ADA0: 28 0D 00 00 44 4A 4E DA 20 0D 00 00 44 4F 4C 4F (...DJN. ...DOLO
00ADB0: 4F D0 00 0B 00 3C 28 0D 00 00 52 45 D4 00 06 00 O....<(...RE....
00ADC0: 46 28 01 00 19 00 50 28 0D 00 00 4E 45 58 54 57 F(....P(...NEXTW
00ADD0: 4F 52 C4 01 0D 00 00 45 51 D5 20 24 00 06 00 5A OR.....EQ. $...Z
00ADE0: 28 01 00 12 00 64 28 0D 00 00 50 55 53 C8 20 0D (....d(...PUS. .
00ADF0: 00 00 44 C5 00 12 00 6E 28 0D 00 00 50 55 53 C8 ..D....n(...PUS.
00AE00: 20 0D 00 00 42 C3 00 12 00 78 28 0D 00 00 4C C4 ...B....x(...L.
00AE10: 20 0D 00 00 42 C3 2C 0E 00 18 00 82 28 0D 00 00 ...B.,.....(...
00AE20: 57 4F 52 44 4C 4F D0 01 0D 00 00 45 51 D5 20 24 WORDLO.....EQ. $
00AE30: 00 11 00 8C 28 0D 00 00 49 4E C3 20 0D 00 00 44 ....(...IN. ...D
00AE40: C5 00 17 00 96 28 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D 00 00 C1 .....(...L. ....
00AE50: 2C 28 0D 00 00 44 C5 29 00 0D 00 A0 28 0D 00 00 ,(...D.)....(...
00AE60: 43 D0 20 33 33 00 1A 00 AA 28 0D 00 00 4A D0 20 C. 33....(...J.
00AE70: 0D 00 00 C3 2C 0D 00 00 45 44 8A 4E 44 57 4F 52 ....,...ED.NDWOR
00AE80: C4 00 10 00 B4 28 0D 00 00 49 4E C3 20 0D 00 00 .....(...IN. ...
00AE90: C3 00 16 00 BE 28 0D 00 00 4A D0 20 0D 00 00 57 .....(...J. ...W
00AEA0: 4F 52 44 4C 4F 4F D0 00 06 00 C8 28 01 00 18 00 ORDLOO.....(....
00AEB0: D2 28 0D 00 00 45 4E 44 57 4F 52 C4 01 0D 00 00 .(...ENDWOR.....
00AEC0: 45 51 D5 20 24 00 06 00 DC 28 01 00 10 00 E6 28 EQ. $....(.....(
00AED0: 83 20 0D 00 00 47 45 54 43 55 D2 00 14 00 F0 28 . ...GETCU.....(
00AEE0: 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D 00 00 C1 2C 0D 00 00 C8 00 ...L. ....,.....
00AEF0: 15 00 FA 28 0D 00 00 41 44 C4 20 0D 00 00 C1 2C ...(...AD. ....,
00AF00: 0D 00 00 C3 00 14 00 04 29 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D ........)...L. .
00AF10: 00 00 C3 2C 0D 00 00 C1 00 10 00 0E 29 83 20 0D ...,........). .
00AF20: 00 00 47 45 54 57 49 CE 00 14 00 18 29 0D 00 00 ..GETWI.....)...
00AF30: 4C C4 20 0D 00 00 C1 2C 0D 00 00 C3 00 0F 00 22 L. ....,......."
00AF40: 29 0D 00 00 43 D0 20 0D 00 00 C4 00 18 00 2C 29 )...C. .......,)
00AF50: 0D 00 00 4A D0 20 0D 00 00 4E C3 2C 0D 00 00 44 ...J. ...N.,...D
00AF60: 4F 4C C6 00 11 00 36 29 0D 00 00 50 4F D0 20 0D OL....6)...PO. .
00AF70: 00 00 42 C3 00 11 00 40 29 0D 00 4D 00 00 50 4F ..B....@)..M..PO
00AF80: D0 20 0D 00 00 44 C5 00 19 00 4A 29 0D 00 00 4C . ...D....J)...L
00AF90: C4 20 0D 00 00 C1 2C 28 0D 00 00 54 45 4D D0 29 . ....,(...TEM.)
00AFA0: 00 0B 00 54 29 0D 00 00 52 45 D4 00 06 00 5E 29 ...T)...RE....^)
00AFB0: 01 00 1A 00 68 29 0D 00 00 44 4F 4C C6 01 0D 00 ....h)...DOL....
00AFC0: 00 4C C4 20 0D 00 00 C1 2C 19 0A 00 10 00 72 29 .L. ....,.....r)
00AFD0: 83 20 0D 00 00 4F 53 57 52 43 C8 00 12 00 7C 29 . ...OSWRC....|)
00AFE0: 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D 00 00 C1 2C 19 0D 00 10 00 ...L. ....,.....
00AFF0: 86 29 83 20 0D 00 00 4F 53 57 52 43 C8 00 11 00 .). ...OSWRC....
00B000: 90 29 0D 00 00 50 4F D0 20 0D 00 00 42 C3 00 11 .)...PO. ...B...
00B010: 00 9A 29 0D 00 00 50 4F D0 20 0D 00 00 44 C5 00 ..)...PO. ...D..
00B020: 18 00 A4 29 0D 00 00 4C C4 20 0D 00 00 C1 2C 28 ...)...L. ....,(
00B030: 0D 00 00 54 45 4D D0 00 0B 00 AE 29 0D 00 00 52 ...TEM.....)...R
00B040: 45 D4 00 06 00 B8 29 01 00 14 00 C2 29 0D 00 00 E.....).....)...
00B050: 54 45 4D D0 01 0D 00 00 44 C2 20 30 00 06 00 CC TEM.....D. 0....
00B060: 29 01 00 06 00 D6 29 98 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ).....).........
00B070: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8F 17 FF ................
00B080: FF FF FF 11 CF 08 A6 04 A6 04 72 04 E3 08 00 10 ..........r.....
00B090: 08 DC 09 07 01 00 2C 45 4E 44 31 00 00 00 00 00 ......,END1.....
00B0A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 FF 00 C8 00 70 01 FF C8 ............p...
00B0B0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B0C0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B0D0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B0E0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B0F0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B100: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B110: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B120: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
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00B140: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B150: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B160: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B170: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B180: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B190: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FA 0E FF FF FF FF 11 CC 08 ................
00B1A0: A6 04 A6 04 71 04 E2 08 00 10 08 C8 60 07 01 00 ....q.......`...
00B1B0: 16 08 00 0A 00 AD 20 0E 00 08 00 14 00 BB 20 0F ...... ....... .
00B1C0: 00 1D 00 1E 00 BF 22 20 20 66 61 73 74 20 66 6F ......" fast fo
00B1D0: 72 77 61 72 64 20 74 68 65 20 20 20 22 00 1D 00 rward the "...
00B1E0: 28 00 BF 22 20 20 74 61 70 65 20 74 6F 20 74 68 (.." tape to th
00B1F0: 65 20 65 6E 64 2C 20 20 20 22 00 08 00 32 00 BB e end, "...2..
00B200: 20 10 00 1D 00 3C 00 BF 22 20 20 61 6E 64 20 6C ....<.." and l
00B210: 6F 61 64 20 20 73 69 64 65 20 32 20 20 20 22 00 oad side 2 ".
00B220: 1D 00 46 00 BF 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 77 69 74 ..F.." wit
00B230: 68 3A 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 00 08 00 50 h: "...P
00B240: 00 BB 20 11 00 2A 00 5A 00 BF 22 20 20 20 20 20 .. ..*.Z.."
00B250: 20 20 52 55 4E 22 3B FF 03 28 19 22 29 3B FF 03 RUN";..(.");..
00B260: 28 19 22 29 3B 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 00 08 (.");" "..
00B270: 00 64 00 BF 01 BF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 .d..............
00B280: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B290: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B2A0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
00B2B0: 00 D4 DE FF FF FF FF .......
RESULT OF SEARCH :
PRO=51 CHEA=0 COD=13 MUSI=0 COP=4 GRA=53 WRIT=6 198=0 199=1 STARTER=0 KBI=0 CAAV=0 L.TOURNIER=0
PRO=51 CHEA=0 COD=13 MUSI=0 COP=4 GRA=53 WRIT=6 198=0 199=1 STARTER=0 KBI=0 CAAV=0 L.TOURNIER=0
PWs,TITLEpVvWm" ***************************" * *" *
CPC 464 Computing *"( * Title page. *"2 * (c) Argus Press
*" * Software. *"F * *"P **************
*************Z d , n ,x ,1 4 Set up initial data and variables. #,,,, ,,, #,
s , Z( Rotate to start position./ ffff shrink the shape b draw t
he frame. p, rotate by 7.5' to next frame. " b , ,6 ,,( , ,O J ,,,T A
,,,,,r,h,h,h,h,h,h,hh ,r , , , , , d , x C"" "" T ! x() x() !
x() x() !& y() y() !0 y() y() DN)X Draw shape in array x1,y1 to x2,y2b ,l v
, x(), y()# x(), y(), Rotate shape by A degrees ( ) ( ) -M x() y() 4
y() x() y() x() - x() y() 4 y() x() y() x() N* This routine intit
ialises all variables, and performs start operations."4 Enter 16 colour mode.
" machine in DEGree mode.1HL Th number of lines to be drawn.DR" the numbe
r of lines in the first half of the shak8Ws,TITLEpV8jpe. x(), x(), y(), y() T
hese arrays hold the start and end co-ordinates for every line, ie x1,y1 to x2,y
2. fxpp z x() x() x(), y(), x() y()V x() x() the start of the next lin
e is the end of this line. y() y() xQ x() x()x x() x()x add x offsetK y() y(
)0 y() y()0 add y offset # , clear all colours! Define all the characters.
O ,,,f,f,,,, ,,,f,f,,,, the letter "C"O ,8,8,l,l,,,, ,,,l,l,8,8,, the lett
er "O"O ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, the letter "M"O$ ,,,f,f,f,f,x,x ,,,,,,,, the lette
r "P"O. ,f,f,f,fn,f,f,f,f ,f,f,f,f,,,, the letter "U"O8 ,,,Z,Z,,,, ,,,,,,,,
the letter "T"OB ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, the letter "I"OL ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, the le
tter "N"OV ,,,f,f,,,, ,,,,,,,, the letter "G"H()()()()()()()()()Hj()()()()()()
()()()t Interupt routine 0C (s) s s"END" (). (s,,)"" #,( ) #, #,(s,,) ,d,
, The letter C -1,0,0,0,96E 56,96,56,64,40,64,40,80,16,80,16,16,40,16,40,32,56,
32,56,0,0,0 The letter P -1,64,0,64,96$ 120,96,120,48,88,48,88,0,64,0( -1,88,64
,88,802 104,80,104,64,88,64 The letter CF -1,128,0,128,96q,TITLEVpVrWj QP 184,96
,184,64,168,64,168,80,144,80,144,16,168,16,168,32,184,32,184,0,128,0Z The number
4d -1,232,32,232,48Jn 264,96,280,96,280,48,288,48,288,32,280,32,280,0,264,0,264
,32,232,32x -1,248,48,264,72 264,48,248,48 The number 6 -1,296,16,296,32C 320,96
,336,96,320,48,336,48,352,32,352,16,336,0,312,0,296,16 -1,312,16,312,32 336,32,3
36,16,312,16 The number 4 -1,360,32,360,48J 392,96,408,96,408,48,416,48,416,32,4
08,32,408,0,392,0,392,32,360,32 -1,376,48,392,72 392,48,376,48/ The data above f
orms the words "CPC 464"S A -1 within the data signifies a MOVE to the next poin
t, rather than a DRAW.A" The text that is printed during screen set up follows n
ow., "Thank you for buying CPC 464 COMPUTING,the first tapemagazine for theAmstr
ad CPC 464.CPC 464 Computing is edited byFouad Katan andJeremy San.All the conte
nts ofthe magazine arecopyright ArgusPress Software."e6 AMSTRAD is aregistered t
rademark of Amstrad corp. Press any key to continue.,ENDWs,INTROpWj "!
" , "" u(,)"" 2 t(,"") , 2(,,) "M" F "T" dP "E" ""9U "P" "More
e.. Press a key..." Z d(e" Press a key to continue..."fC "" fgh #,y(,())n+ t(
,"")u(, ) , ((, ,))"y(R,() ) , initialise6 J ,T , , h ,r , ((,( )) , ((,( ))
, ((,( )) , ((,( ))/ , "CPC464 C£omputing, APS." #,,%,, ,(,, #,* #,"CPC464
Computing, Introduction"C "" W "Welcome to Issue number 2 of CPC464 Computing.
The magazine for Amstrad users. M,M "LotSs of things have been happening since
the last issue, New peripherals have been launched, New software, and we've been
very busy examining all your program submissions, Keep them coming! TThe Conte
nts...+ "This issue contains the following F M M,M "SIDE A" M$ "1. Title. M&8 "2
. Introduction (this program)B ML "3. News and ReviewsV M "4. Hints'n'Tipsj Mt "
5. Arnold's Answers M& "6. Text formatting- the secreAt P "SIDE B" M M,M "7. Dra
ughts M "8. Space Rescue M "9. Up periscope M "10 Life M "11 Tennis M "12 the en
d! M TNews and Reviews "We talkKL about new releases in the Amstrad world of bot
h Software and Hardware. Did you know that the CPC464 went up by 10 pounds or t
hat Manic Miner is available on the CPC It's all there in News and Reviews. TH
ints'n'Tips "In this section we looWq,INTROpATWg8 k at how to save or load the s
creen as a normal file. We cover problems with ZEN and special notes for buying
a printer. Well worth a quick look. TArnold's Answers( "This is the place wher
e readers queries are answered. Lots of mysteries wildl unfold in this section.
Just write in with your technical problems and we'll get Arnold to solve them
if demand is high enough.%2 TText formatting- the secret! "Ever wondered how we
manage to keep all our text so neat and tidy How do we stop words from being sp
lit over the ends of the lines There IS a trick to it, and our article reveals
how it all works! - and even gives the assembler source-code%F " for you to pl
ay around with.P TDraughtsQ "This is the classic game of drfaughts where you can
pit your wits against the computer. Beware! It plays a strong game, so dont h
ave too much confidence in yourself!Z TSpace Rescue "Are the humanoids too far g
one to be rescued Can you collect them from the planet's surfay)ce. This is a
game of pure skill and dedication. Avoid meteors and try and STAY ALIVE!d TUp P
eriscopee "You are a commander on a test-run of a new nuclear submarine. It is
a desperate race against the clock to destroy as many enemies as possiible. Be
ruthless.. Even shoot the FISH! Good luck! n TLIFEo "Dr. Conway's classic simul
ation of how cells behave with respect to each other. This is a fascinating pr
ogram.. Watch and discover the true meaning of life....p TTennisgq ."This two-pl
ayer game allows a mini-tennis tournament to be simulated on your own home compu
ter.r Mx Tloading... M,M# "loading next program now... M,M EcWt,MCPRINTj/mnfFV2Z
!&Z!6+xOiyJZ Z ZZ.m'screen memory' as if it were any other sort.. You can examin
e it, change it, save it and load it. $ " It is these last two that we are most
concerned with, although at a later date we will cover other more graphical uses
of manipulating the screen-me%u!ry directly. . "The important thing to remember
is that anything displayed on the screen is really only a certain combination o
f bytes in NORMAL memory- Even letters and numbers that appear on the screen ar
e really only special patterns of bytes thZ%at form a8 " letter when displayed o
n the screen. It's ALL memory! The screen memory on the CPC starts at &C000 (4
9152 decimal). From there on, if you were to POKE a value into a location, the
n a specific combination of pixels will light up on the5 screen.B "TDO's and DON
'Ts"L "The CPC has a special chip called the 6845 CRTC (Cathode Ray Tube Control
ler). This chip handles the organisation of the screen memory and defines the a
ctual screen resolution. It also performs the scrolling of the screen via Hardw
are tricks.V " Most microcomputers nowadays try and scroll their screen via Sof
tware (a la Spectrum & QL).. But this isnt practical when you have a large scre
en memory like the CPC. The CPC has one 16K long and if this were scro-lled in
'software' you would " see a nasty 'ripple' effect. By careful manipulation of
the 6845's internal registers, you can scroll the entire screen instantaneously
by moving its 'start' around! We are not "Ws,MCPRINT/n"Wp,NEWSph , ""
u(,)"" 2 t(,"") , 2(,,) "M" F "T" dP "E" ""9U "P" "More.. Press a k
ey..." Z d(e" Press a key to continue..."fC "" fgh #,y(,())n+ t(,"")u(, ) , (
(, ,))"y(,()A ) , initialise6 J ,T , , h ,r , ((,( )) , ((,( )) , ((,( )) ,
((,( ))/ , "CPC464 Computing, SxAPS." #,,%,, ,(,, #, #,"CPC NEWS"C "" TOEL
prestel modem "OEL have just announced that an AMSTRAD prestel modem will be la
unched within a few months. We understand tthat it includes a similar package t
o the VTX5000 as sold for the ZX-Spectrum, and so should be quite ingenious in d
esign." " It includes in-built software that caters for teletext and prestel gra
phics (or rather, the lack thereof) and will be able to download telesoftware an
d other online programs. TAnirog flight simulator "Anirog have launched a fligh
t simulation program called 'Flight Path 737'. It s supposedly the definitive P
ilots' training system, however we have our doubts. " Still, it is the first FS
available for the CPC, and Anirog deserve congratulations."&$ T.. antici.. SAY
IT!... pation. "D'K' Tronics have launched a speech-synthesizer for the CPC. We
are awaiting one for review but we feel it's about time thnat peripherals like
these are emerging on the marketplace.8 " Our sources tell us that this unit al
lows words to be built up from 'phonemes'.. - These are fractions of words that
allow construction of any word in the English language. TAmstradiWp,NEWSpLf disk
drivesB "Amstrad have confirmed that their (in)famous disk drives are now avail
able (review next issue). These allow Amstrad programs to be stored on convenie
nt disks that are much faster than normal cassette tape. The disk system has th
e abil3nity toL " run CP/M- a well known industry standard operating system. De
spite its many failings, the CP/M systemhas attracte the largest number of comme
rcial software suppliers, and so a wealth of quality software is available. TAms
trad UserAj "Amstrad User have appointed a new editor Simon Rockman, previously
of Argus Specialist Publications (almost US). He will take over from Bill Poel,
who has obviously got his 'hands full' with the other interests of Amsoft.t "Th
at's funny.. We reFmember wanting to call ourselves 'Amstrad Computing' and bein
g told that it was inappropriate because it was too general..! Guess who told i
t to us.. Yep, AMSTRAD USER! (previously CPC464 USER!)& " Oh well.. we live an
d learn!% TManic Miner Wis back to work! "Yeah!!! Possibly the most successful
arcade game this year has been the exploits of Miner Willy in his game Manic Min
er. " Software Projects have finally converted this masterpiece for the CPC and
it is already available (y1ou sure work fast, chaps!) TUp.. Up.. and Away! "The
Amstrad CPC464 has actually GONE UP in price (yes, UP!) by 10 pounds. The wors
ening pound against dollar ratio is blamed for this minor price increase. Amsof
t say that dealer margins are uvnaffected, so we assume that the profit margins
onL " CPC's were so tight as to allow little room for price fluctuations.% TThe
DMP-1 dot matrix printer "All computer manufacturers like to have a printer in t
heir range and like Commodore, fAmstrad have gone for the Seikosha GP500a." " M
any computer manufacturers underestimate the quality of print that the users wan
t. Acorn are a classic case, their Spark Jet printer produces very messy copy.
PW " The DMP-1 is much betterWp,NEWSpWf than this but still only adequate. The
n it has been " extensively modified for use with the CPC464 and uses a 7 bit po
rt as opposed to the 500a's 8 bit version. The case has been colour-keyed to th
at of the CPC and the manual re-written. One nice7m feature is that it is a sma
ll, compact printer. P " At a price of £199 you can not afford to be too fussy.
However, the lack of true descenders rules out its use in word processing envi
ronments. If you want to produce listings at a low price then the DMP-1 is idea
l. It is unfortunate that the " character set does not include all the extra cha
racters which can be got at by pressing CTRL and a key. This may not affect CPC
464 Computing, but the paper magazines will have trouble listing .any program wh
ich includes those special characters. P4 " The printer is a little low on faci
lities.f "Considering the discount that the CPC users' club will receive, it is
very good value indeed." TRoland in Time "Yup.. ThisC is yet another 'Roland Ri
des Again'. Oh I wish that Amsoft would refrain from using that stupid name. I
t's almost as bad as 'Cuthbert' (apologies to all Cuthberts out there!) Seriou
sly though this game is very good. It's akin to( " Manic Miner,2 and giving it
a boring name like 'Roland Goes skiing' isnt my idea of good marketing. This ga
me deserves a better title because it really is a nice game! The graphics are i
nteresting and I understand the game has 50 levels.. All- " different.1 P2 "If y
ou already have Manic Miner then I doubt theres any reason in buying this, but t
he same goes equally well the other way around! This game really IS like MM, so
you pays your money and you takes your choice! TKuma's GalaxiaF "ThisD# game wou
ld typically rank as just another shoot'em'up'in'space game but then, thats what
it is so I'm sure Kuma wont object. It has large graphic shapes moving at high
speed and is a nicely presented game. Unfortunately it is a little onP " the u
nop,NEWSpWi1 riginal side, but it hardly matters. If you like zapping Aliens, t
hen this is the one to go for. Pure, Mean, Unadulterated, BLAST'EM'UP!U TLoadin
g...Z M,M"d "Next program is loading...n M,Mx EkWs,HINTSp 2Wi , "" u(,)"
" 2 t(,"") , 2(,,) "M" F "T" dP "E" ""9U "P" "More.. Press a key..."
Z d(e" Press a key to continue..."fC "" fgh #,y(,())n+ t(,"")u(, ) , ((, ,))
"y(,()A ) , initialise6 J ,T , , h ,r , ((,( )) , ((,( )) , ((,( )) , ((,( )
)/ , "CPC464 Computing, SxAPS." #,,%,, ,(,, #, #,"Hints'n'Tips"C "" & THow
to save the screen memory "We are asked many times by people how a screen can be
captured by being saved off to cassettxe tape and then loaded back into the scr
een in its entirety at a later date. "This is a far more useful function than c
an be appreciated immediately since some graphical programs may take many many h
ours to plot complex mathematical shapes on the scXfreen. It is often boring wa
tching " "these pictures being generated... So the simple answer is to generate
them 2once1, and then save the entire screen off to cassette. P "The 2screen1 ca
n then be loaded back as if it were a program, and within a minute N " the exact
original screen will be duplicated before your very eyes3. "To realise how all
this is possible, you must first recall that a computer's screen is generated by
putting special values into a certain part of memory. This is in fact known as
'screen memory' because it will be displayed on the monitor0 "as normal letters
and graphic shapes1." P "You can treat this screen memory as if it were any oth
er sort.. You can examine it, change it, save r,HINTSp #Wgit and load it. $ " It
is these last two that we are most concerned with, although at a later date we
will cover other more graphical uses of manipulating the screen-memory directly.
) P. "The important thing to remember is that anything displayed on the screen
is really only a certain combination of bytes in NORMAL memory- Even letters an
d numbers that appear on the screen are really only special patterns of bytes th
at form a8 " letter when displayed on the screen. It's ALL memory! ,The screen
memory on the CPC starts at &C000 (49152 decimal). From there on, if you were
to POKE a value into a location, then a specific combination of pixels will lig
ht up on the screB "TDO's and DON'Ts"L "The CPC has a special chip called the 68
45 CRTC (Cathode Ray Tube Controller). This chip handles the organisation of th
e screen memory and defines the actual screen resolution. It also performs the
scrolling of the screen via"M "Hardware Tricks."V " Most microcomputers (a la S
piectrum and QL) use SOFTWARE to scroll their screens, and due to slow processin
g speeds, you" " see a nasty 'ripple' effect. By careful manipulation of the 68
45's internal registers, you can scroll the entire screen instantaneously by mov
ing its 'stabrt' around!"a PPe "We are not really concerned with HOW to do it at
the moment, but it mustj " be realised that once the screen has been scrolled,
then it is no longer in the contigious and logical order that it started in. (in
actual fact, ,ait revolves while scrolling).o Pt " If you ever wish to SAVE or
LOAD the screen, then you must ensure that no actual scrolling has taken place.
To do this, we recommend that you change MODE early on in the program, and do
not print anything thiat may cause the screen to scroll." "TTo SAVE the screen"
"Ensure that you do a MODE statement to select the appropriate graphics mode, dr
aw all your lovely graphics, and then to save it all for posterity, type " M,M"
" SAVE namWr,HINTSp rge,B,&C000,&4000" M,M TTo load the screent "First you must
set up your program to be in exactly the same screen mode as when you saved it.
then type M,M "LOAD name" M,M TCareful use of ZENH "In our l8ast issue we re
viewed the assemblers ZEN and DEVPAC. " "We have received a few queries from pe
ople who are having problems with ZEN. Apparently, when you first load ZEN into
the machine, there are some internal pointers that are not reset properlyh." P
" We have found " " that on occasion you can crash ZEN with some of its own simp
le commands. ZEN seems to be fine after all of its pointers have been reset, so
we suggest you do this as soon as you load it in. Merely type 'K' and all will
be safe from then on. " We believe that these problems have been ironed out in
production versions of ZEN and so this may be an unnecessary step. M,M TBuying
a printer( "There are a number of printers available that can connect quite easi
ly to the CPC via the printer-port. However, some of these printers offer fancy
options, such as HI-RES graphics, or even extra-typefaces etc. You must be ext
ra-careful2 " when selecting the printer for 'you' because the CPC does not use
a full 8-bits when talking to the printer. In actual fact, it only transmits 7.
"7 Pg8 "This means that some HI-RES graphics will not work as expected and you m
ay not get the desired" " picture that you, intended printing. There are Xsome
exceptionally smart printers that allow artificial control over the 8th bit. S
ome of the Epson range have this feature, which allows them to work with an Appl
e (It has the same fault).A PF " Some printers also perform double-linefeeds.
.This can be annoying due to the waste of paper, and also, it is hard to read te
xt that is too large because it was printed double-spaced.P " Most printers wil
l have an extra toggle-switch somewhere inside them that will allow control over
whether it q,HINTS p Wl requires a LINE-FEED or not. It is best to switch this
in the ON position so that it DOES require linefeeds, in a vain hope that the4Q
" CPC will stop doing the double line-feeds."R PZ "If the symptoms persist, the
n a last resort is to CUT fthe 'AUTO FEED' pin on the printer cable. However, w
e strongly suggest that you try all else before taking those drastic steps!"d TN
ext program coming up.. e M,M4i "See Arnold's Answers for more hints'n'tips!"j M
,Mk "Loading...zM"n Edq,ARNOLDpi , "" u(,)"" 2 t(,"") , 2(,,) "M"
F "T" dP "E" ""9U "P" "More.. Press a key..." Z d(e" Press a key to cont
inue..."fC "" fgh #,y(,())n+ t(,"")u(, ) , ((, ,))"y(,()A ) , initialise6 J
,T , , h ,r , ((,( )) , ((,( )) , ((,( )) , ((,( ))/ , "CPC464 Computing, Sx
APS." #,,%,, ,(,, #, #,"Arnold's Answers"C "" TLetter from J. Kingsley "Dear
Arnold, M,M "I'm writing an arcade game and I want to let people FIRE their mis
sile but I also want them to move left or right at the same time. If they press
more than one key at the same timethen how can I see which key it is The INKEY
$ will only " give me the latest one. M,M TArnold Answers -$ "I siuggest that y
ou read page 20 of chapter 8 (the User Guide) and compare the difference between
INKEY$ and INKEY. One of them simply scans the keyboard. " and tells you which
key was pressed, while the other allows you, to specify a particular key to chec
k, and will return information about that particular key only! It is the latter
form of INKEY that is most suited toM8 " your application. See Apdx III, p 16
for a list of keyboard values.(B TWe get asked this many times...L "Dear Arnold,
V M,M "I don't understand what an 'INTERUPT' is and why I would want something t
o interupt my program while it is running What can I use them forj TArnold Answ
ers -t "Imagine that you, are having a conversation with a friend, andr,ARNOLDpw
tWg then someone bursts into the room shouting 'let the dog in!' You will then
go and open the door, and then come back to resume your conversation. " That per
son who instructed you to let fido inside has interupted you- however, you, were
able to come back and continue your conversation from whereever you left off.
Things are very similar inside a computer. P " Computers have to do many things,
like scanning the keyboard, or flashing the colours, and they obviously cant do
everything at once, so they use a system called 'interupts' wihch do little 'c
hores' known as 'TASKS'. " The machine can be trundling away executing your BASI
C program, but every hundredth of a second, it will save what it was doing in a
safe place, and then perfo4rm any number of its many chores. P " It will then re
turn back to executing your program " picking up where it left off. THAT is an
interupt. P "The CPC allows you to make use of INTERUPTS from your BASIC program
via the use of EVERY, AFTER and REMAIN. Using these commands, you can set up p
arts of your programs to work after specific intervals of time, or even constant
ly in the background. " They are very powerful commands that allow you to write
programs which look l)ike they are doing many things at the same time, when real
ly they are only switching quickly between many SMALL tasks one at a time! PV "
See page 3 of Chapter 8 in the user guide for more details of interupts etc." TL
etter from C. JamesCon "Dear Arnold, M,M "I was reading through the manual and s
aw the description of the 'CALL' command. It started talking about things like
'FRAME FLYBACK'i " and 'animation effects'.. What is this Flyback thing And why
does it make my graphics smoother TArnold Answers - M,M "You have stumbled on p
ossibly one of the most important functions for an arcade-games writer. It is u
sually only useful for machine-code programs but has some benefits for BASIC too
. TsWr,ARNOLDpz"WfG he 'FRAME FLYBACK'k " or sometimes known as 'VSYNC' is the
BEST moment to draw graphics on the screen.. Let me explain ( P2 " The Televisi
on (or even monitor) picture is produced by an electron beam that flies sequenti
ally across the scree(n. It starts at the top left-hand corner, and sweeps left
to right until the bottom right hand corner. " At this point, the beam must swi
tch itself off so that it can move back up to the top of the screen without bein
g seen. This is an important fneature because the current position of the elec
tron beam is useful when drawing graphics.A PF "The basic idea is to draw all yo
ur graphics while the electron beam is OFF the screen and thus any changes that
you made will all be updated on the screen in one go.Z " A more down-to-earth u
se of VSYNC is to synchronise your graphics-action with the Tv signal, so that y
ou dont move objects around too quickly." PN "Recall that there are 50 frames ev
ery second in a standard Tv picture,3d " but since each frame is displayed twice
(known as Interlacing) that means that you cannot effectively move objects fast
er than 25 positions a second.n " If you DO, then the person watching the screen
might not see some of the positions of your objects. All this talk is very theo
retical, but I assure you that the way to get Smoooooth graphics is to synchroni
se everything to the Tv signal.x P M,M# "Loading next program now... M,M E4Wt,FO
RMATTERpk , "" u(,)"" 2 t(,"") , 2(,,) "M" F "T" dP "E" ""9U "
P" "More.. Press a key..." Z d(e" Press a key to continue..."fC "" fgh #,y(
,())n+ t(,"")u(, ) , ((, ,))"y(,()A ) , initialise6 J ,T , , h ,r , ((,( ))
, ((,( )) , ((,( )) , ((,( ))/ , "CPC464 Computing, SxAPS." #,,%,, ,(,, #,%
#,"A text formatting program"C "" "In magazines such as this, it is often requ
ired to print text in a tidy format. This usually means that sentences arMe not
too large, and words are not split over the end of a line. Many a time the edi
tor will sit down and re-write their text " until it looks neat and tidy... Woul
dnt it be good if the machine did it all for you P "The following program is a u
seful machine code subroutine. It will print any text that is given to it in th
e form of a string.. But while doing so, it ensures that words are not split ove
r a line. It does this by interfacing to BASIC's 'CALL' " command and receiving
a string while it prints character by character. However, whenever it comes to
the start of a new word, it checks to see how close it is to the end of the line
. P " If the new word will not fit on the current line, it will automatically p
erform a carriage-return so that the word starts on the next line. This functio
n is technically known as WORD WRAP and is a vital function for any word process
or program,$ " or text manipulation program of any sort. Especially where the p
rogram wants n"u,FORMATTERppheat output for presentation to the user.. P8 "Befor
e use, you must set the memory limit to &9FFF because our example subroutine sit
s at &A000, and we dont want the nasty BASIC stamping all over our nice code, do
we If you have an Assembler proKgram then you may wish to re-assemble ourB " e
xample at a more convenient address for you. Type 'MEMORY &9FFF' when you, swi
tch your CPC on, and you are now ready to load the routine.)L TUsing the 'pretty
-print' programV "First you must haC$ve a string variable containing the text th
at you wish to be pretty- printed. We will use A$ in our example. The subrouti
ne sits at &A000, so a simple demonstration program would go like this Mj Mo Mt
"10 INPUT A$ M "20 CALL &A000,A$ M "30 GOTO 10 M PH "when RUN, try typing in so
me long text, and watch it word-wrap!" "Notice how the 'CALL' statement contai
ns an A$ in it. The sign passes the ADDRESS of where in memorry a string lives
. - A most useful feature, and we shall be looking into other direct string man
ipulation in future issues." THow it works.. M,M "This gets quite technical in p
laces, so skip this last part if you feel slightly out of Vyour depth. We will
be presenting a tutorial on machine-code programming very shortly. P "When the '
CALL' command is used from BASIC, you can specify the address of your machine-c
ode subroutine. You can also give it some optional parameters that are retrieva
ble from the machine code program. BASIC will pass the number of arguments " su
pplied into the accumulator, and IX will point to the start of the parameter blo
ck which in turn can point to other information. P "However, in our case we are
only using only 2one1 parameter (ie the String) then we need not concern ourselv
es with the value held in the accumulator. " The first part of the program sta
rting at 'NEWWRCH' will remove the first two items from the IX regixWr,FORMATTER
p!gster pair. This is now an address that points to the information about our s
tring. " We extract this address into HL and then PUSH it and POP it back into I
X again. So now, IX points to our string information. Pz( "The first byte of IX
contains the length of the string, and the second and third bytes point to the
string itself.s2 " That first byte is put into 'B' because of its loop-counting
qualities when used with 'DJNZ' instructions. PF "The section of the code 'DOLOO
P'' will pass through each byte of the string, printing as it goes. However, wh
enever it reaches a character of value less than 33, then it knows that a new wo
rd has begun.P " If this is the case, it will pass through to 'NEXTWORD', but if
not, it will simply loop around for more characters of the string to print, unt
il finished.Z Pd "The code at 'NEXTWORD' will look 'forwards' into the string co
unting how many characters are in the next word to be printed. It then obtains
the current cursor )position from the CPC kernel and checks to see if the sum is
larger than the currentn " window width. If it IS, then a carriage-return is p
rinted, and if NOT, it will simply return without changing anything.x P "We used
this text-print roJutine in all our articles in this magazine, and we find it e
xtremely useful. It's main advantage stems from the fact that execution speed i
s almost instantaneous, so text is formatted as fast as it can be printed! P "Lo
ok out for other useful little machine-code subroutines in future issues. In ou
r next issue, we will be looking into high-speed graphics and SPRITE drawing. T
ake a look at some of the games in THIS issue for an insight into what can be do
ne0 "with a few modest machine-codhe routines. P M,M£ The assembly SOURCE-CODE o
f this text-formatter sits at line 10000 onwards. We left it as part of the pro
gram to allow you to LIST it and use it elsewhere without having to re-type it.D
" So to view the listinglWt,FORMATTERp74Wo , you, must press ESC twice and typ
e M "LIST 10000-i M,M,"the object code can be found immediately after the INTRO
file at the beginning of the tape. P M,M" "Next program is loading... E ' TEXT F
ORMATTER SUBROUTINE' OR 0 A000' GETCU EQ 0 BB78$' GETWI EQ 0 BB69.' OSWRC EQ 0 B
B5AB'L' NEWWRC EQ $V'' L ,( I)j' L ,( I)t' PUS H' PO I' L ,( I)' L ,( I)'
L ,( I)'' DOLOO EQ $'' PUS B' PUS D'' L ,( D)' L ( TEM), ' C 33( , NEXTWOR
( OSWRC( PO D( PO B(( IN D2( DJN DOLOO( REF(P( NEXTWOR EQ $Z(d( PUS Dn( P
US Bx( L B,( WORDLO EQ $( IN D( L ,( D) ( C 33( J , EDNDWOR( IN ( J WORDL
OO(( ENDWOR EQ $(( GETCU( L , ( AD , ) L , ) GETWI) L , ") C ,) J N, DOL
6) PO B) MPO DJ) L ,( TEM)T) RE)h) DOL L , r) OSWRC) L , ) OSWRC) PO B)
PO D) L ,( TEM) RE)) TEM D 0))r,END1pq " fast forward the "(" tape to th
e end, "2 " and load side 2 "F" with "P *Z" RUN"(")(")
" "dTous droits réservés. Reproduction sans autorisation interdite. © Kukulcan